[{"ROP2":"C0046","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Amazigh-Kabyle","PCdesc":"Amazigh are the indigenous ethnic group of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. The Kabyle are an Algerian ethno-cultural and linguistic Amazigh community who take their name from their homeland of Kabylia in northern Algeria. Traditionally, the term \"Berber\" has been used by outsiders to refer to the Amazigh, but the term \"Berber\" is inherently discriminatory and the endonym \"Amazigh\" is preferred.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0047","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Amazigh-Riff","PCdesc":"Amazigh are the indigenous ethnic group of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. The Amazigh-Riff people cluster encompasses a mainly mountainous region of northern Morocco, with some fertile plains, stretching from Cape Spartel and Tangier in the west to Ras Kebdana and the Melwiyya River in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the river of Wergha in the south. Traditionally, the term \"Berber\" has been used by outsiders to refer to the Amazigh, but the term \"Berber\" is inherently discriminatory and the endonym \"Amazigh\" is preferred.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0045","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Amazigh-Saharan","PCdesc":"Amazigh are the indigenous ethnic group of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. The Amazigh-Saharan people cluster encompasses Amazigh people groups scattered across the Saharan desert in Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. Traditionally, the term \"Berber\" has been used by outsiders to refer to the Amazigh, but the term \"Berber\" is inherently discriminatory and the endonym \"Amazigh\" is preferred.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0048","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Amazigh-Shawiya","PCdesc":"Amazigh are the indigenous ethnic group of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. The Amazigh-Shawiya people cluster encompasses the Shawiya of the Aures Mountain region of eastern Algeria. Traditionally, the term \"Berber\" has been used by outsiders to refer to the Amazigh, but the term \"Berber\" is inherently discriminatory and the endonym \"Amazigh\" is preferred.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0049","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Amazigh-Shilha","PCdesc":"Amazigh are the indigenous ethnic group of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. The Amazigh-Shilha people cluster encompasses multiple people groups primarily found in Morocco. Traditionally, the term \"Berber\" has been used by outsiders to refer to the Amazigh, but the term \"Berber\" is inherently discriminatory and the endonym \"Amazigh\" is preferred.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0013","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Arab, Arabian","PCdesc":"Arabs trace their cultural history to desert-dwelling Semitic tribes in the Syrian and Arabian deserts as early as the ninth century BC. At its zenith Arab culture dominated West Asia and North Africa. The Arabian Arab people cluster encompasses Arabs of the Arabian Peninsula: Yemeni, Saudi, Gulf, Omani, Bahraini, etc.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0237","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Arab, Diaspora","PCdesc":"The Diaspora Arab people cluster encompasses Arabs outside the heart of the Middle East and North Africa. In some cases these Arabs live outside their home areas as minorities of mixed origins. In other cases they are distinct communities of Arabs who are slowly assimilating to their host culture.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0067","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Arab, Egyptian","PCdesc":"Egyptian Arabs are the people of Egypt whose primary language is Arabic (specifically Egyptian Arabic) and who share in the broader Arab cultural and historical tradition, while retaining deep continuity with Egypt’s ancient and regional past. Christianity was the majority religion during the 4th to 6th centuries AD until the Muslim conquest of Egypt. Sunni Islam predominates in modern Egypt, though a sizeable Coptic Christian community remains as a distinct ethnoreligious sub-group. Egyptian Arabic is the dominant language, but Saidi Arabic is widely spoken in Upper Egypt.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0014","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Arab, Hassaniya","PCdesc":"Hassaniya is a variety of Arabic spoken by the Beni Hassan Bedouin tribes whose authority extended over most of Mauritania and Western Sahara between the 15th and 17th centuries. The Hassaniya Arab people cluster encompasses Arabs in Algeria, Morocco, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Western Sahara where Hassaniya is widely spoken. These tribes  overwhelmingly follow the Sunni branch of Islam.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0015","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Arab, Levant","PCdesc":"The Levant Arab people cluster encompasses people groups that originate from the Fertile Crescent between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean--extending across Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel and the Palestinian territories. In AD 600, nearly all of the ancestors of these peoples were, at least nominally, Christian. Most have now become Muslim, though there are still significant Christian minorities among them. Ongoing geopolitical crises continue to complicate the evangelization of Levantine Arabs.","PCcite":"Patrick Johnstone, The Future of the Global Church, p. 182","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0016","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Arab, Libyan","PCdesc":"The Libyan Arab people cluster encompasses Libyan and Cyrenaican Arabs (Cyrenaica is the historical name of the eastern region of Libya that self-declared autonomy in 2007). Additionally, there are small numbers of 'Wahati'  or \"people of the oasis\" who inhabit oases in Egypt but are classified as Libyan Arabs. These desert dwellers are descendants of tribes who migrated to Egypt from the north coast of Libya and mingled with people from the Nile Valley.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0017","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Arab, Maghreb","PCdesc":"Maghreb refers to the region of north Africa west of Egypt, encompassing the countries of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Mauritania along with the disputed territory of Western Sahara (mostly controlled by Morocco). Most of the Arabs of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia are classified as Maghreb. Libyan Arabs are typically classified within a separate Libyan Arab people cluster.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0018","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Arab, Shuwa","PCdesc":"Shuwa is a term used to describe one of the regional Arab language varieties, spoken predominantly in Chad and Sudan around Lake Chad. 'Baggara,' an Arabic term for nomadic cattle herding, is commonly added to people group names within this people cluster. The term 'Shuwa' is primarily used by non-Arabic speakers to describe their Arabic speaking neighbors.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0019","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Arab, Sudan","PCdesc":"The Sudan Arab cluster encompasses most of the people groups that speak Sudanese Arabic. Heavy borrowing of vocabulary from local languages has resulted in a variety of Arabic that is unique to Sudan, reflecting the unique mix of both African and Arab cultures.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0020","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Arab, Yemeni","PCdesc":"Yemeni Arabic is a cluster of Arabic varieties spoken in Yemen and southwestern Saudi Arabia. The two largest languages within this linguistic cluster are Sanaani (Northern Yemini Arabic) and Ta'izzi-Adeni (Southern Yemini Arabic).","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0023","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Assyrian","PCdesc":"The Assyrians are a Semitic people native to Mesopotamia (today’s northern Iraq, northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey, and northwestern Iran). They are one of the oldest continuous peoples in the world, maintaining a strong identity for thousands of years despite conquest, persecution, and dispersion.. A majority of peoples within this people cluster are Christians, with roots in the Assyrian Church of the East and the Ancient Church of the East.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0040","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Bedouin, Arabian","PCdesc":"The Bedouin are part of a predominantly desert-dwelling Arabian ethnic group traditionally divided into tribes or clans. The term 'Bedouin' derives from the Arabic 'badawi' which means semiarid desert. The four Bedouin people groups that comprise the Arabian Bedouin people cluster are primarily found in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Islam is the religion of each of these Arabian Bedouin people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0041","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Bedouin, Saharan","PCdesc":"The Bedouin are part of a predominantly desert-dwelling Arabian ethnic group traditionally divided into tribes or clans. The term 'Bedouin' derives from the Arabic 'badawi' which means semiarid desert. The Saharan Bedouin people cluster encompasses numerous tribal groups scattered across the Saharan region of North Africa. Sunni Islam is practiced by all Saharan Bedouin people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0219","ROP1":"A001","AffBloc":"Arab Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A001","PplClstr":"Tuareg","PCdesc":"The Tuareg are a Berber people with a traditionally nomadic pastoralist lifestyle. They are the principal inhabitants of the Saharan interior of North Africa. The Tuareq languages represent a family of closely related languages and dialects, most typically referred to as Tamasheq. Most Tuareg live in the Saharan parts of Niger and Mali, but constantly move across national borders. Small groups of Tuareg are found in southeastern Algerian, southwestern Libya, northern Burkina Faso, and northern Nigeria.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0065","ROP1":"A002","AffBloc":"East Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A002","PplClstr":"Chinese","PCdesc":"The Chinese inhabit the fertile and densely populated eastern half of present-day China. For most of recorded history, the peoples of this land have been great thinkers, inventors and innovators. Over three millennia, a wide range of other peoples have gradually been absorbed into the main Han Chinese population--a process that continues today. Many different Han languages are spoken in the south of the country, but all of them use the same script.","PCcite":"Patrick Johnstone, The Future of the Global Church, p. 184","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0066","ROP1":"A002","AffBloc":"East Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A002","PplClstr":"Chinese-Hui","PCdesc":"The Hui are descendants of soldiers and traders, first Arab and then Persian, who settled in China after the eastward advance of the Muslim armies died out in the northwest quadrant of the country. They intermarried with the Chinese but retained their Muslim faith. Today, these Chinese Muslims are scattered all over China.","PCcite":"Patrick Johnstone, The Future of the Global Church, p. 184","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0099","ROP1":"A002","AffBloc":"East Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A002","PplClstr":"Japanese","PCdesc":"The Japanese are a unique blending of several racial streams that converged on the Japanese archipelago since 500 BC. Their civilization owes much to the influence of the Chinese, from whom they learned to write in the 5th Century. In addition to the large Japanese ethnic majority, this people cluster includes a number of smaller people groups whose origins lie in one or more of the 6,852 islands that comprise the archipelago.","PCcite":"Patrick Johnstone, The Future of the Global Church, p. 184","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0111","ROP1":"A002","AffBloc":"East Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A002","PplClstr":"Korean","PCdesc":"The Koreans have a long history, much of it relating to being a smaller nation fiercely trying to maintain its independence between two superpowers, China and Japan. The latter occupied Korea from 1910 to 1945. At Stalin's insistence, Korea was divided after the Second World War, which led to the destructive Korean War and continuing tensions between North and South Korea. Despite the significant political division, Koreans form a single ethnic group.","PCcite":"Patrick Johnstone, The Future of the Global Church, p. 184","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0133","ROP1":"A002","AffBloc":"East Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A002","PplClstr":"Manchu","PCdesc":"The Manchu are an Altaic people who used to dominate Manchuria, in northeastern China. In 1611, they conquered the whole of China, and Manchu emperors ruled China as the Qing Dynasty until 1912. During those three centuries the Manchu were largely absorbed into the Han Chinese, though they have retained some of their cultural distinctions.","PCcite":"Patrick Johnstone, The Future of the Global Church, p. 184","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0146","ROP1":"A002","AffBloc":"East Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A002","PplClstr":"Mongolian","PCdesc":"The Mongolians are an Altaic people. Most live in Mongolia or in northern China along a 3,000 kilometer arc of territory south of Mongolia. Nine other, smaller groups of Mongol peoples live scattered across China--remnants of the Mongol armies that conquered the land in the 13th Century. Mongol emperors ruled China from 1294 to 1420. Some Mongols live in Russia around Lake Baikal and in the Caspian area of Russian Europe.","PCcite":"Patrick Johnstone, The Future of the Global Church, p. 184","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0210","ROP1":"A002","AffBloc":"East Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A002","PplClstr":"Taiwan Indigenous","PCdesc":"Some twenty indigenous tribes of Taiwan are that island's original inhabitants, having arrived from scattered Austronesian islands centuries before the first major Han Chinese immigration began in the 17th Century. They live in the mountains and along the eastern coast, maintaining distinct ethnic identities though typically speaking Chinese in addition to their native languages. Many of these tribes turned to Christ in people movements during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan from 1895 to 1945.","PCcite":"Patrick Johnstone, The Future of the Global Church, pp. 184-185","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0008","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Albanian","PCdesc":"Albanians are a nation and ethnic group native to Albania and neighboring countries. They speak the Albanian language. More than half of all Albanians live in Albania and Kosovo. Albanians suffered until 1990 under one of the most repressive Communist regimes in Europe. All religions were banned. By the time the Communist government fell, the number of evangelicals had dwindled nearly to zero. Since then, mission activity both in Albania and Kosovo has seen significant response.","PCcite":"Patrick Johnstone, The Future of the Global Church, p. 189","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0012","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Anglo-Celt","PCdesc":"Anglo-Celt is a cluster that includes people of British and Irish descent. The term is a combination of \"Anglo-\", meaning English and/or British, derived from the \"Angles\", a Germanic people that settled in Britain (mainly England) in the middle of the first millennium, and \"Celt\",  which refers to the people of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Cornwall, the Celtic nations of the British and Irish Isles.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0021","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Armenian","PCdesc":"Armenians are a nation and ethnic group native to the Armenian Highland region of the Caucasus. Christianity began to spread across Armenia soon after the time of Christ, credited to the work of two apostles, St. Thaddeus and St. Bartholomew. In the early 4th century, the Kingdom of Armenia became the first nation to adopt Christianity as a state religion. Most Armenians today adhere to the Armenian Apostolic Church, the world's oldest national church.","PCcite":"Adrian Hastings, A World History of Christianity. London: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. (1999), p. 289","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0032","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Baltic","PCdesc":"The Baltic people cluster includes the Latvian and Lithuanian peoples, two of the three major European peoples bordering the Baltic Sea who gained independence from Russia in the aftermath of World War I. Latvians and Lithuanians are culturally and linguistically related based on common descent from Baltic tribes that have inhabited the region for  more than two thousand years.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0038","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Basque","PCdesc":"The Basques are an ethnic group whose roots are in Basque Country, an area located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay in north-central Spain and south-western France. The term 'Basque' derives from the Latin 'Vasco' and it is believed that the Basques descended from the inhabitants of Vasconia, a territory between the Ebro and Garonne rivers. Large numbers of Basques have left Basque Country over the past few centuries, settling throughout North and South America, particularly in Argentina, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, Guatemala, Venezuela, and the United States.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0061","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Caucasus","PCdesc":"The two great mountain ranges of the Caucasus lie between the Black Sea and the Baltic and have long been considered the boundary between Europe and Asia. Their high peaks and deep valleys have provided a refuge for peoples from many different ethnic backgrounds, and have also permitted the development of numerous local languages and dialects. The Caucasus people groups are the least evangelized in Eurasia.","PCcite":"Patrick Johnstone, The Future of the Global Church, p. 189","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0073","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Finno-Ugric","PCdesc":"Finno-Ugric is a traditional group of languages spoken in parts of Eastern and Northern Europe. Finnish is the largest ethnolinguistic group, followed by Estonian, then by a series lesser known people groups scattered across western Russia. Roman Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity compete with traditional religions and a growing secularism for the loyalties of these people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0074","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Finno-Ugric, Saami","PCdesc":"Saami (Sami) is a linguistic variety within the Finno-Ugric family of languages. The Saami are an indigenous people inhabiting the Arctic regions of northern Sweden, Norway, Finland and the Kola Peninsula of Russia. Though they pursue a variety of vocations that include fishing, fur trapping and sheep herding, the Saami are best known for herding reindeer.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0076","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"French","PCdesc":"The French people cluster encompasses people groups that share a common French culture and heritage, speaking either French or a related Gallo-Romance language such as Occitan or Corsican.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0079","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Germanic","PCdesc":"The Germanic people cluster encompasses people groups that share a common German heritage and speak either standard German or one of more than 40 living Germanic languages among which Dutch, Bavarian, Vlaams, Mainfrankisch, Afrikaans, Hunsrik, and Swiss German count the most speakers.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0082","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Greek","PCdesc":"The Greeks are an ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and other parts of the Mediterranean. Greek civilization has long been centered around the Aegean Sea where the Greek language has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language. Most Greeks are affiliated with the Greek Orthodox Church.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0094","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Hungarian","PCdesc":"Hungarians are a nation and ethnic group who speak the Hungarian language. Though small communities of Hungarians are scattered throughout Eastern Europe, the overwhelming majority reside in Hungary. Hungarians refer to themselves as Magyars; only outsiders use the term Hungarian. The Hungarian people cluster is one of only a handful of clusters that encompasses a single ethnolinguistic people group.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0098","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Italian","PCdesc":"The Italian people cluster encompasses several people groups that share a common Italian culture and heritage, speaking either  Italian or a related Romance language such as Sicilian  or Sardinian.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0129","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Maltese","PCdesc":"The Maltese are an ethnic group indigenous to the southern European island nation of Malta, located in the Mediterranean Sea. Maltese is the primary language spoken and Roman Catholicism is the state religion.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0182","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Portuguese, European","PCdesc":"The Portuguese are a nation and ethnic group native to the country of Portugal, on the western edge of the Iberian peninsula in southwest Europe. Their native language is Portuguese and the dominant religion is Roman Catholicism. The European Portuguese people cluster encompasses the ethnic Portuguese of Portugal along with subgroups of related peoples such as the Mirandes and Azoreans.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0279","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Romani","PCdesc":"The Romani people cluster refers to an ethnic group found throughout Europe, widely referred to in English as 'gypsies'. While their origins trace to the Indian Subcontinent, the Romani have been in Europe long enough to develop a distinct identity from other \"gypsy\" groups like the Banjara and Domari.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0187","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Romanian","PCdesc":"The Romanians are an ethnic group native to Romania. The Romanian people are a nation defined by a strong sense of sharing a common Romanian culture, descent and language. The Romanian people cluster includes Moldavians along with Istro Romanians of Croatia and Megleno Romanians of Greece.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0190","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Scandinavian","PCdesc":"The Scandinavian language family includes Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish. These related Germanic languages are spoken by more than 18 million people, represented within the Scandinavian people cluster.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0194","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Slav, Eastern","PCdesc":"The Eastern Slavs are a family of Indo-European ethnic peoples who speak one of the East Slav languages: Belarusan, Russian, Rusyn, and Ukrainian. Orthodox Christianity is the primary religion among these people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0195","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Slav, Southern","PCdesc":"The Southern Slavs are a family of Indo-European ethnic peoples who speak one of the South Slav languages: Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, and Slovene. Orthodox Christianity is the primary religion among most of these people groups, but some follow Sunni Islam.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0196","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Slav, Western","PCdesc":"The Western Slavs are a family of Indo-European ethnic peoples who speak one of the West Slav languages: Czech, Kashubian, Polish, Silesian, Slovak, and Upper and Lower Sorbian. Roman Catholicism is practiced among most of these people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0202","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Spanish","PCdesc":"Spanish refers to people native to any part of Spain. Within Spain there are various regional populations including the Aragonese, Asturians, Canarians, Catalonians, Extremadurans, Galicians, and Valencians in addition to the majority group identified simply as Spaniards. The Spanish people cluster encompasses all of Spain's regional ethnic groups along with the Gibraltarians of Gibraltar, a British overseas territory located on the southern tip of Andalusia, Spain.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0280","ROP1":"A003","AffBloc":"Eurasian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A003","PplClstr":"Swiss","PCdesc":"The Swiss people cluster encompasses those peoples who are citizens or natives of Switzerland. Though linguistically diverse, with significant populations of German, French, and Italian speakers based on their region of residence, Swiss people share more affinity with each other than with German, French or Italian speakers in their neighboring countries. Christianity is the predominant religion with both Roman Catholicsim and the Swiss Reformed Church represented among all language groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0005","ROP1":"A004","AffBloc":"Horn of Africa Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A004","PplClstr":"Afar-Saho","PCdesc":"The Afar and the Saho are two closely related ethnic groups living in Ethiopia and Eritrea. Their languages are classified as Eastern Cushitic.  Along the coast some make their living as fishermen, but a majority are pastoral nomads who work herds of sheep, cattle, goats, and camels in the lowland deserts. Both groups follow the Sunni branch of Islam.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0281","ROP1":"A004","AffBloc":"Horn of Africa Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A004","PplClstr":"Agau","PCdesc":"The Agau are an ethnic group living in central and northern Ethiopia and Eritrea. They are closely related, culturally and linguistically, with the neighboring Amhara and Tigre peoples, but ethnologists believe the Agau have been living in the region much longer than the Amharas and Tigres.  The Southern Agau and subgroups that maintain distinct identities are included in the Agau people cluster. The Agau are divided religiously between several Christian denominations and the Sunni Muslim faith.","PCcite":"James Olson, The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (1996). P. 13.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0042","ROP1":"A004","AffBloc":"Horn of Africa Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A004","PplClstr":"Beja","PCdesc":"The Beja are one of the major ethnic groups of Sudan, Eritrea, and western Ethiopia. Savage wars in the 1970s and 1980s drove most of the Eritrean Beja into Sudan. There are also tens of thousands of Beja in southern Egypt. The Beja are divided into a number of groups and tribes. \r\n\r\nThose Beja living in the northern region make their living raising camels and sheep, as well as producing grains on a small scale; farther south they also raise cattle. The Beja living in the Gash and Tokar deltas of the Barka River are commercial and subsistence farmers, raising cotton and grain. Most Beja are Muslims, but their indigenous, animistic traditions still have a powerful hold on the people.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, The Peoples of Africa. London: Greenwood Press (1996), p. 85","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0068","ROP1":"A004","AffBloc":"Horn of Africa Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A004","PplClstr":"Ethio-Semitic","PCdesc":"The Ethio-Semitic people cluster encompasses groups primarily found in Ethiopia who are ethnically Semitic. These peoples probably migrated from Arabia millennia ago. Most live in the more densely populated highlands of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Most are Orthodox Christians. There are historical and biblical records going back over 4,000 years referring to the Ethiopians and Cush and Punt (probably inhabited by ancestors of the Somalis, Afar and Beja), with many trade links for spices, woods, slaves, etc.","PCcite":"Patrick Johnstone, The Future of the Global Church, p. 192","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0161","ROP1":"A004","AffBloc":"Horn of Africa Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A004","PplClstr":"Omotic","PCdesc":"The Omotic peoples are a cluster of people groups living between the lakes of the Great Rift Valley and the Omo River in southern Ethiopia. Most of the Omotic peoples are hoe cultivators, raising ensete (a tropical plant in the banana family) at higher altitudes and other grains in the lowlands. They are also known for their animal husbandry and their skill as artisans.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, The Peoples of Africa. London: Greenwood Press (1996), p. 466","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0164","ROP1":"A004","AffBloc":"Horn of Africa Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A004","PplClstr":"Oromo","PCdesc":"The Oromo, who have also been known as the Galla, are a large ethnic cluster of peoples living from northeastern Ethiopia to east-central Kenya, as well as between the borders of Sudan and Somalia. Their language is part of the Eastern Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic linguistic family. They are divided into numerous dialect subgroups but differences in dialect do not prevent the various Oromo groups from understanding one another. Sunni Islam is the most widely practiced religion.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, The Peoples of Africa. London: Greenwood Press (1996), p. 467","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0345","ROP1":"A004","AffBloc":"Horn of Africa Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A004","PplClstr":"Rift","PCdesc":"The Rift are a group of South Cushitic-speaking peoples who originated in the Ethiopian highlands and migrated into the Rift Valley of present-day Kenya and Tanzania in the third millennium BC. They are cereal agricultural communities typically governed by councils of elders with a presiding head. Most Rift communities adhere to traditional African religious practices.","PCcite":"Wikipedia","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0276","ROP1":"A004","AffBloc":"Horn of Africa Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A004","PplClstr":"Sidama","PCdesc":"The Sidama people live in southwest Ethiopia, north of Lake Abaya. They are divided into numerous subgroups, typically based on location or religion, and they speak one of several Eastern Cushitic languages. About ten percent of the Sidama follow Islam. A majority maintain loyalty to their indigenous tribal religion or to various Christian sects. In recent years, the Wando Magano movement--a syncretistic fusion of Muslim, Christian, and animistic beliefs--has gained a strong following from among the peoples represented by the Sidama people cluster.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, The Peoples of Africa. London: Greenwood Press (1996), pp. 502-503.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0198","ROP1":"A004","AffBloc":"Horn of Africa Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A004","PplClstr":"Somali","PCdesc":"The Somalis are one of Africa's largest, homogeneous ethnic groups. They occupy the Horn of Africa, speak a single language, worship as Sunni Muslims of the Shafi school, and claim a common heritage. Although increasingly large numbers of Somalis live in such cities as Mogadishu, most of them remain in the countryside. Traditionally, the Somali economy revolved around nomadic animal husbandry, and today nearly two-thirds of all Somalis are still engaged in the production of camels, sheep, and goats. A number of tribal subgroups are included within the Somali people cluster.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, The Peoples of Africa. London: Greenwood Press (1996), p. 529","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0007","ROP1":"A005","AffBloc":"Persian-Median Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A005","PplClstr":"Aimaq","PCdesc":"The Aimaq are a collection of Persian-speaking nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes. They are found throughout the north and northwest highlands of Afghanistan, immediately to the north of Heart, and in the Khorasan Province of Iran. They speak a number of subdialects of the Aimaq dialect of Persian.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0031","ROP1":"A005","AffBloc":"Persian-Median Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A005","PplClstr":"Baloch","PCdesc":"The Baloch are an ethnic group inhabiting the Balochistan region of Pakistan and the Sistan and Baluchistan Province in eastern Iran. Most Baloch speak either Eastern Balochi, Southern Balochi or Western Balochi. More than three-fourths of the Baloch live in Pakistan, with smaller numbers in Iran and Afghanistan. Increasing numbers of Baloch are migrating to Oman and the United Arab Emirates.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0278","ROP1":"A005","AffBloc":"Persian-Median Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A005","PplClstr":"Domari","PCdesc":"The Domari people cluster refers to an ethnic group found across the Middle East, though mainly in Iran and Egypt. This group sometimes identifies as 'Dom'. While their origins trace to the Indian Subcontinent, the Domari have lived in the Middle East long enough to develop a distinct identity from other \"gypsy\" groups like the Romani and Banjara. The Domari and Romani are likely descendants of two different waves of migration out of India hundreds of years ago.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0114","ROP1":"A005","AffBloc":"Persian-Median Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A005","PplClstr":"Kurd","PCdesc":"The Kurds are a mountain people with a history extending back many millennia. They are the descendants of many different peoples, but notably the Hurrians, Medes and Scythians. The geographical distribution of their languages and widely differing dialects reflects their complexity. There are four main languages, but dozens of recognized ethnic subgroups.","PCcite":"Patrick Johnstone, The Future of the Global Church, p. 204.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0251","ROP1":"A005","AffBloc":"Persian-Median Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A005","PplClstr":"Luri-Bakhtiari","PCdesc":"The Luri-Bakhtiari people cluster encompasses two large ethnic groups of southwestern Iran. The Lurs are a mixture of aboriginal Indo-Iranian tribes; the Bakhtiari are an Iranian tribe of nomadic pastoralists. Several dialect subgroups of the Lurs are identified as distinct people groups, including the Kumzari of Oman.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0159","ROP1":"A005","AffBloc":"Persian-Median Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A005","PplClstr":"Nuristani","PCdesc":"The Nuristani peoples form a distinct ethnic and linguistic cluster in northeastern Afghanistan and parts of northwestern Pakisan. Historically, the Nuristanis practiced a form of ancient Hinduism before converting to Islam in the late 19th century.Their pre-Islamic religious practices included elements of animism and ancestor worship. Today they are predominantly Sunni Muslims. The Nuristani do not have a formal tribal structure. Instead, they identify themselves based on the names of local regions they inhabit.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0176","ROP1":"A005","AffBloc":"Persian-Median Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A005","PplClstr":"Parsee","PCdesc":"The Parsee trace their origins to the Zoroastrian empire of Persia, founded before 3000 BC. Cyrus and Darius of the Bible were followers of the prophet Zoroaster. According to tradition, modern Parsee descended from Zoroastrians who fled from Iran to India during the 10th century AD to avoid persecution by Muslim invaders. Today the major Parsee communities are in Iran and India, but growing immigrant communities of Parsee are reported in the United States and the United Kingdom.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0178","ROP1":"A005","AffBloc":"Persian-Median Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A005","PplClstr":"Pashtun","PCdesc":"The Pashtun are the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan and a major ethnic group within Pakistan. Pashtun identity is characterized by the usage of one or more of the eastern Iranian Pashto languages as well as adherence to the practice of Pashtunwali, a unwritten ethical code that guides individual and community behavior.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0179","ROP1":"A005","AffBloc":"Persian-Median Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A005","PplClstr":"Persian","PCdesc":"The Persian people are an Indo-European ethnic group that speaks one or more Iranian languages. The term 'Persian' comes from 'Persis', a region of the Persian Gulf that today is known as Fars Province in Iran. Originally spelled 'Pars' this region was the cultural center of Iran. It was from this region that Cyrus the Great united competing empires to form the Persian empire. Today, ethnic Persians are scattered across Central Asia, but the core remain in Iran. The Persian people cluster includes Farsi speaking Persians along with two major Caspian peoples, the Gilaki and Mazanderani, and a number of smaller ethnic Iranian groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0211","ROP1":"A005","AffBloc":"Persian-Median Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A005","PplClstr":"Tajik","PCdesc":"The Tajiks are a Central Asian, Iranian-speaking people whose homeland, the Republic of Tajikistan, is bordered on the north by Kyrgyzstan, on the northeast by the Republic of Uzbekistan, on the east by China's Xinjiang Province, and on the south by Afghanistan. In addition to the majority Tajik people group, this people cluster includes several related people groups that speak languages classified as southeastern Iranian. A majority of Tajiks follow Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school, but several subgroups practice Shia Islam.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (1994), pp. 611-619.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0212","ROP1":"A005","AffBloc":"Persian-Median Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A005","PplClstr":"Talysh","PCdesc":"The Talysh are a small ethic group whose roots trace to the Talysh Mountains in the southeastern Caucasus, along the border between Iran and Azerbaijan. They are concentrated along the southeastern shores of the Caspian Sea. Ethnologue classifies sixteen northwestern Iranian languages as Talysh. The Talysh people cluster encompasses the people groups who speak one of the Talysh languages. Shia Islam is the primary religion of most Talysh peoples.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (1994), pp. 620-621.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0102","ROP1":"A006","AffBloc":"Jewish Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A006","PplClstr":"Jews","PCdesc":"The Jews are an ethnoreligious group that is widely scattered and linguistically diverse. Controversial throughout their long history, they have been victims of discrimination, persecution, and genocide. A majority of Jews today reside either in the United States or in Israel.","PCcite":"Patrick Johnstone, The Future of the Global Church, p. 90","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0253","ROP1":"A007","AffBloc":"Latin American and Caribbean Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A007","PplClstr":"Afro-American, Hispanic","PCdesc":"The Hispanic Afro-American people cluster includes Latin American peoples with at least partial Black African ancestry. Also known as Afro-Latin Americans, this cluster includes a number of groups with an Afro- prefix followed by the relevant nationality. Pure Spanish is the majority  language though this is some mixture of Spanish-based Pidgin-Creoles.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0337","ROP1":"A007","AffBloc":"Latin American and Caribbean Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A007","PplClstr":"Afro-Caribbean","PCdesc":"Afro-Caribbeans are Caribbean people who trace their full or partial ancestry to Africa. Their ancestors were taken from Africa to the Caribbean islands via the trans-Atlantic slave trade between the 15th and 19th centuries. People groups within this cluster share a variety of English, Dutch or French-based creole languages.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0010","ROP1":"A007","AffBloc":"Latin American and Caribbean Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A007","PplClstr":"Amazon","PCdesc":"The Amazon has a long history of human settlement. Many of these peoples existed along rivers where they had good means of transportation, excellent fishing, and fertile floodplain soils for agriculture. When Europeans arrived, these were the first settlements to be affected. In the first century of European presence, the Amerindian population was reduced by 90 percent. Most of the remaining peoples lived in the interior of the forest: either pushed there by the Europeans or traditionally living there in smaller groups. A majority of the people groups within the Amazon people cluster number are small groups of less than 1,000 people.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0027","ROP1":"A007","AffBloc":"Latin American and Caribbean Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A007","PplClstr":"Aymara","PCdesc":"The Aymara are a native ethnic group in the Andes and Altiplano regions of South America. They have existed in the Andes in what is now Western Bolivia, Southern Peru, and Northern Chile for hundreds of years. Before the Inca conquests of the 15th century and the Spanish conquest of the 16th century, there were several independent Aymara states with distinct Aymara dialects. Today there are three surviving Aymara languages.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0029","ROP1":"A007","AffBloc":"Latin American and Caribbean Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A007","PplClstr":"Aztec","PCdesc":"The Aztec are an ethnic group who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries. \"Aztec\" (Aztecatl) is the Nahuatl word for \"people from Aztlan\", a mythological place for the Nahuatl-speaking culture of the time, and refers to all the various peoples who spoke the Nahuatl language. Aztec civilization flourished until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century and the Spanish settlement of Mexico City was founded on the site of the ruined Aztec capital.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0165","ROP1":"A007","AffBloc":"Latin American and Caribbean Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A007","PplClstr":"Central American Indigenous","PCdesc":"The Central American Indigenous people cluster encompasses indigenous peoples of Central America who are not classified within other people clusters, notably the Zapoteco, Mixteco, Maya, Aztec, Otomi, or Hispanic clusters that account for most Central American peoples.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0083","ROP1":"A007","AffBloc":"Latin American and Caribbean Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A007","PplClstr":"Guarani","PCdesc":"The Guarani are a group of culturally related indigenous peoples of South America, distinguished from the related Tupi by their use of the Guarani language.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0093","ROP1":"A007","AffBloc":"Latin American and Caribbean Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A007","PplClstr":"Hispanic","PCdesc":"Hispanic is a name given to ethnic groups from Latin America. Hispanic groups are typically identified by country of nationality, but they share a common culture and language rooted in their historical link to Spain. The Hispanic people cluster encompasses Hispanics of white and mestizo ethnicity. Hispanic Afro-Americans are identified as a separate people cluster. Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion among Hispanics.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0136","ROP1":"A007","AffBloc":"Latin American and Caribbean Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A007","PplClstr":"Maya","PCdesc":"The ancient Maya civilization was once the most advanced civilization in the Americas, stretching across what today is southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador and Honduras. Mayan population dramatically declined during the sixteenth century prior to the Spanish conquest and suffered further losses during that colonization era, but the Maya peoples never disappeared. Today, the Maya and their descendants have a sizable presence across Guatemala and in the Chiapas state of Mexico.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0143","ROP1":"A007","AffBloc":"Latin American and Caribbean Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A007","PplClstr":"Mixe","PCdesc":"The Mixe are an indigenous group inhabiting the eastern highlands of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. They speak a variety of languages classified as Mixe-Zoque and are more culturally conservative than other indigenous groups in the region, maintaining use of their original languages to this day. Mixe religion is largely a blend of Roman Catholicism with traditional religious practices.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0144","ROP1":"A007","AffBloc":"Latin American and Caribbean Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A007","PplClstr":"Mixtec","PCdesc":"The Mixtec ('Mixteco' in Spanish) are a family of indigenous Mesoamerican peoples inhabiting the Mexican states of Oaxaca, Guerrero and Puebla in a region known as La Mixteca. The Mixtecan languages form an important branch of the Otomanguean language family. Mixtec religion is largely a blend of Roman Catholicism with traditional religious practices.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0168","ROP1":"A007","AffBloc":"Latin American and Caribbean Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A007","PplClstr":"Other Hispanic American","PCdesc":"The Other Hispanic American people cluster encompasses Hispanic peoples of South America who are not classified within the Hispanic people cluster that accounts for most Spanish-speaking Latin American peoples.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0174","ROP1":"A007","AffBloc":"Latin American and Caribbean Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A007","PplClstr":"Otomi","PCdesc":"Ethnologue classifies two Mazahua languages and nine Otomi languages as Otomian, tracing their origins to the Otomi civilization, one of several early advanced civilizations of Mesoamerica. The Otomi likely inhabited the  central Mexican plains before the Aztecs arrived in the 7th century. Today they inhabit both the mountains and the valleys of the state of Hidalgo. Otomi religion is a mixture of Roman Catholicism with traditional practices.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0181","ROP1":"A007","AffBloc":"Latin American and Caribbean Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A007","PplClstr":"Portuguese, Brazilian","PCdesc":"Brazil was established as a colony of Portugal in 1500 and remained under the influence of Portugal until 1815. Today, Brazil is a Federal Republic, the largest country in South America, and the only Portuguese speaking country in South America. Brazil is a multiethnic society, which means that it is home to people of many different ethnic backgrounds. As a result, to be Brazilian is more a statement of nationality than of ethnicity. The Brazilian Portuguese people cluster encompasses Brazilians, sometimes delineated as White, Mestico, or Mulato, but more often simply characterized as Brazilian.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0185","ROP1":"A007","AffBloc":"Latin American and Caribbean Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A007","PplClstr":"Quechua","PCdesc":"Quechua is the collective term for several ethnic groups in South America who speak a Quechua language, scattered in Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia and Argentina. The Quechua are descendants of the once powerful Incan empire. At the time of the conquest, the Incans referred to their language as \"runasimi\", but the Spanish conquistadores named the language \"quechua\" and that name persists. The speakers of Quechua have only a slight sense of common identity, due in part to the fact that the various Quechua dialects are in some cases so different that no mutual understanding is possible.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0201","ROP1":"A007","AffBloc":"Latin American and Caribbean Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A007","PplClstr":"South American Indigenous","PCdesc":"The South American Indigenous people cluster encompasses indigenous peoples of South America who are not classified within other people clusters, notably the Amazon, Aymara, Guarani, and Quechua clusters. More indigenous peoples of South America are assigned to this people cluster than to those four clusters combined and more than two hundred distinct languages are spoken by these people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0234","ROP1":"A007","AffBloc":"Latin American and Caribbean Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A007","PplClstr":"Zapotec","PCdesc":"The Zapotec ('Zapoteco' in Spanish) are an indigenous people of Mexico and are believed to be the original inhabitants of the Valley of Oaxaca. In pre-Columbian times the Zapotec civilization was one of the highly developed cultures of Mesoamerica. The present-day population hovers around one million, many of whom are monolingual in one of the native Zapotec languages and dialects.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0002","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Aceh of Sumatra","PCdesc":"Aceh is a special region of Indonesia, located at the northern end of Sumatra. This region is home to the Acehnese people group and several smaller people groups whose languages are all part of the large Malayo-Polynesian language family. Sunni Islam is the primary religion for most of these people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0030","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Bali-Sasak","PCdesc":"Bali-Sasak is a family of closely related languages spoken on the Indonesian islands of Bali and West Nusa Tenggara. Bali, Sasak and Sumbawa are the major languages, but a few minor languages are also included in this people cluster. While the Bali follow Hinduism, other peoples within this people cluster practice Sunni Islam.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0033","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Banjar of Kalimantan","PCdesc":"The Banjar are an indigenous people inhabiting the coastal regions of South Kalimantan, the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo. Ethnically, the Banjar are Malay who migrated from Sumatra to Borneo around 400 AD. In addition to the Banjar, this people cluster encompasses several Dayak peoples who inhabited parts of Borneo as early as 1,000 BC.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0037","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Barito of Kalimantan","PCdesc":"The Barito of Kalimantan people cluster encompasses several ethnic groups, only one of which--Bakumpai--is larger than 100,000. These groups are found in central and eastern Kalimantan, the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo, along the Barito River. Islam and Animism dominate the spiritual lives of these people groups, with few known believers among them.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0039","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Batak-Nias of Sumatra","PCdesc":"Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of ethnic groups predominantly found in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Nias Island lies in the Indian Ocean about 125 kilometers west of North Sumatra. The Batak-Nias of Sumatra people cluster encompasses a dozen ethnic groups that inhabit North Sumatra and the islands of Nias and Batu.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0059","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Borneo-Kalimantan","PCdesc":"'Kalimantan' is an Indonesian term that refers to the island of Borneo. Indonesian territory accounts for roughly 73% of the land area of Borneo, with Malaysia and Brunei sharing the non-Indonesian portions of the island.  More than a hundred people groups are classified within the Borneo-Kalimantan people cluster. A majority of these groups number less than 10,000 with many groups under 1,000. This cluster is characterized by linguistic and religious diversity.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0056","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Bugi-Makassar of Sulawesi","PCdesc":"Sulawesi is the world's eleventh largest island and Indonesia's fourth largest island. The Bugis are an Austronesian ethnic group and the largest of three major linguistic and ethnic groups in southern Sulawesi. The Makassar are the second largest linguistic and ethnic group in southern Sulawesi. Several smaller groups in southern Sulawesi round out the Bugi-Makassar of Sulawesi people cluster.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0057","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Bungku-Bajau","PCdesc":"Bungku-Tolaki is the name assigned to a family of 15 Austronesian languages spoken primarily on Indonesia's Sulawesi island. Intermingled among the people who speak these languages are the Indonesian Bajau. Together these peoples form the Bungku-Bajau people cluster.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0072","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Filipino Tribal","PCdesc":"The Filipino people are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the islands of the Philippines. Of the 180 languages spoken in the Philippines, many are spoken by somewhat isolated, highland tribal peoples. Roman Catholic influence blends with traditional ethnic religion practices among the ethnic groups that comprise the Filipino Tribal people cluster.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0070","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Filipino, Central","PCdesc":"The Filipino people are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the islands of the Philippines. The people groups assigned to the Central Filipino people cluster share an ethnic and linguistic affinity along with a predominantly Roman Catholic heritage. Tagalog is the most widely spoken language within this cluster.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0071","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Filipino, Muslim","PCdesc":"The Filipino people are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the islands of the Philippines. The people groups assigned to the Muslim Filipino people cluster share an ethnic and linguistic affinity along with a predominantly Sunni Islam heritage. They are concentrated in central Mindanao and scattered across the islands of the Sulu Archipelago.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0075","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Flores-Sumba-Alor","PCdesc":"Flores, Sumba, and Alor are three of the four major islands that comprise the East Nusa Tenggara province in Indonesia. The fourth major island is Timor,  which is a separate people cluster. Diversity of language characterizes the people groups assigned to the Flores-Sumba-Alor people cluster, but aside from the large Manggarai people group that follows Sunni Islam, most of the groups on these islands are predominantly Christian.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0081","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Gorontalo of Sulawesi","PCdesc":"Gorontalo is a province of Indonesia on the northern part of Sulawesi and the name of a prominent tribe that resides in that area. Included with the Gorontalo of Sulawesi people cluster are related tribes whose languages are also classified as Gorontalic, including the Bulango, Lolak and Kaidipang.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0101","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Jawa","PCdesc":"Jawa is Indonesian for Java, the world's most populated island and one of the most densely populated places on the earth. Jawa is home to 60% of Indonesia's population. The people groups that make up the Jawa people cluster are overwhelmingly Islamic and predominantly speak a common Javanese language.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0103","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Kaili-Tomini of Sulawesi","PCdesc":"Sulawesi is one of the larger islands of Indonesia and the world's eleventh largest island, distinctively formed by four large narrow peninsulas. The Gulf of Tomini separates the northern Minahassa peninsula and East Peninsula. Scattered throughout Central Sulawesi along the Gulf of Tomini are a number of people groups whose languages are classified as Kaili. These groups, the largest of which is the Kaili Ledo, form the Kaili-Tomini of Sulawesi people cluster.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0115","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Lampung of Sumatra","PCdesc":"Lampung is the name of a province of Indonesia, the people who originated in that province, and a cluster of languages spoken there. Lampung province is located on the southern tip of the island of Sumatra. The Lampung of Sumatra people cluster includes several dialect subgroups of Lampung. Sunni Islam is practiced by almost all of the Lampung of Sumatra.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0121","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Madura of Java","PCdesc":"Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java and the name given to an ethnic group that originated there. While the Madurese have roots on Madura a majority have resettled in East Java, driven from their homeland by poor agricultural resources. The Madura of Java people cluster encompasses the Madura and related dialect subgroups, all of which practice Sunni Islam.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0122","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Malagasy","PCdesc":"The Malagasy are an ethnic group that forms the majority of the population of Madagascar, an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the southeastern coast of Africa. There are two major subgroups, the highlander Merina and the central plateau Betsileo, and numerous smaller coastal subgroups distinguished from each other by unique cultural practices. Plateau Malagasy is the most widely spoken language, though several other related languages are spoken by various subgroups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0123","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Malay","PCdesc":"The Malay people cluster encompasses a variety of Austronesian peoples inhabiting the Malay Peninsula including the southernmost parts of Thailand, south coast of Myanmar, the island of Singapore, and coastal areas of Indonesia. The two largest people groups within this cluster are Malays and Indonesians but a number of smaller related ethnic groups are included. Sunni Islam is the most widely practiced religion among these peoples.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0130","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Maluku-Central","PCdesc":"The Maluku or Molucca Islands of Indonesia are located east of Sulawesi, west of New Guinea, and north and east of Timor. Most of the islands are mountainous, some with active volcanoes. The islands were historically known as the \"Spice Islands\" by the Chinese and Europeans. The Central Maluku languages family includes 55 Austronesian languages spoken mainly on the Malukan islands of Seram, Buru, Ambon, Kei, Aru, and Sula. The people groups that comprise the Maluku-Central people cluster are mostly smaller, isolated peoples; only a handful number more than 25,000. Sunni Islam is the predominant religion.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0131","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Maluku-Northern","PCdesc":"The Maluku or Molucca Islands of Indonesia are located east of Sulawesi, west of New Guinea, and north and east of Timor. Most of the islands are mountainous, some with active volcanoes. The islands were historically known as the \"Spice Islands\" by the Chinese and Europeans. North Maluku is a province of northeastern Indonesia that covers the northern part of the Maluku Islands. Most of the peoples assigned to the Maluku-Northern people cluster trace their cultural roots to one of four sultanates that once ruled these islands: Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, and Jailolo. Most of these people groups are smaller than 25,000 in population. Sunni Islam and folk religion are widely practiced.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0132","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Maluku-Southern","PCdesc":"The Maluku or Molucca Islands of Indonesia are located east of Sulawesi, west of New Guinea, and north and east of Timor. Most of the islands are mountainous, some with active volcanoes. The islands were historically known as the \"Spice Islands\" by the Chinese and Europeans. The Maluku-Southern people cluster encompasses a number of smaller people groups whose languages are classified as Southeast Malukan or Aru and whose populations are centered on the islands of Aru, Babar, Kai, Leti,  Tanimbar, and Welar.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0137","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Melayu of Sumatra","PCdesc":"Sumatra is an island in western Indonesia--the sixth largest island in the world--home to more than 50 million people. The Melayu Kingdom was a Southeast Asian kingdom that ruled much of Sumatra during the 7th century.  The Malay people take their name from the Melayu Kingdom. The Melayu of Sumatra people cluster encompasses the Deli, Riau Malay, and Jambi peoples along with several smaller, related ethnic groups, almost all of whom follow Sunni Islam.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0140","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Minahasa-Sangir of Sulawesi","PCdesc":"Sulawesi is the world's eleventh largest island and Indonesia's fourth largest island. Minahasa and Sangir are two families of Malayo-Polynesian languages spoken throughout North Sulawesi. Christianity, Islam, and traditional religion are all practiced among the people groups that comprise the Minahasa-Sangir of Sulawesi people cluster.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0141","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Minangkabau-Rejang of Sumatra","PCdesc":"Sumatra is an island in western Indonesia--the sixth largest island in the world--home to more than 50 million people. The Minangkabau are an ethnic group indigenous to the Minangkabau Highlands of West Sumatra. The Rejang are an ethnic group scattered along the southwest coast of Sumatra. These two groups and a few smaller groups native to the region comprise the Minangkabau-Rejang of Sumatra people cluster. Sunni Islam is practiced by most of these peoples.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0149","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Musi of Sumatra","PCdesc":"Sumatra is an island in western Indonesia--the sixth largest island in the world--home to more than 50 million people. The Musi River drains most of South Sumatra province, joining with the Banyuasin River to form a delta near the city of Sungsang. Scattered along the Musi River are a handful of people groups that speak the Musi language. These people groups form the Musi of Sumatra people cluster.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0160","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Ogan of Sumatra","PCdesc":"Sumatra is an island in western Indonesia--the sixth largest island in the world--home to more than 50 million people. The Ogan people are an ethnolinguistic group of South Sumatra, found along the Ogan river valley. The Ogan of Sumatra people cluster encompasses the Ogan and a handful of related ethnic groups whose languages were once thought to be distinct but are now classified as dialects of Central Malay or Musi. One commonality shared by these people groups is their Sunni Islam faith.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0177","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Pasemah of Sumatra","PCdesc":"Sumatra is an island in western Indonesia--the sixth largest island in the world--home to more than 50 million people. The Pasemah Plateau that runs some 70 kilometers through the Pasemah Highlands has numerous archeological sites with relics dating to 100 AD.  The Pasemah people are believed to have originated in Borneo before migrating to Sumatra and the Pasemah Plateau. The Pasemah of Sumatra people cluster encompasses the Pasemah and several related ethnic groups that speak Central Malay and practice Sunni Islam. Most live in small farming villages of less than 1000 people.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0204","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Sunda-Betawi of Java","PCdesc":"Sunda and Betawi are two large ethnic groups native to the western part of Java, Indonesia's most densely populated island. The Sunda number more than 30 million; the Betawi number around 5 million. Both languages are Malay based and both groups are predominantly Sunni Muslims. The Sunda-Betawi of Java people cluster also includes some smaller ethnic groups related to the Sundanese.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0217","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Timor","PCdesc":"Timor is an island at the southern end of Southeast Asia, north of the Timor Sea. It is divided between an independent sovereign state, East Timor (Timor-Leste), and West Timor, which is part of the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara. The island is characterized by ethnic and linguistic diversity. Christianity is the dominant religion throughout Timor, accounting for nearly 90% of the population, with Roman Catholics outnumbering Protestants.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0218","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Toraja of Sulawesi","PCdesc":"Sulawesi is the world's eleventh largest island and Indonesia's fourth largest island. The Toraja are an ethnic group indigenous to the mountains of South Sulawesi. Toraja and several related languages form the Toraja-Sa'dan language family. The other people groups assigned to the Toraja of Sulawesi people cluster seem to be related more by geography than by common ethnic or linguistic traits. Christianity and Sunni Islam are widely practiced among these people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0220","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"Tukangbesi of Sulawesi","PCdesc":"Sulawesi is the world's eleventh largest island and Indonesia's fourth largest island. The Tukangbesi Islands are a group of islands off the southern coast of South East Sulawesi. Inhabitants of the five main Tukangbesi islands--Wanci, Kambode, Kaledupa, Tomia, and Binongko--form the Tukangbesi of Sulawesi people cluster. Their economy is based on fishing and trading throughout the island regions of Indonesia and Malaysia. Sunni Islam is the dominant religion.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0230","ROP1":"A008","AffBloc":"Malay Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A008","PplClstr":"West Malaysia Indigenous","PCdesc":"Malaysia consists of thirteen states and three federal territories separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsula Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. Peninsular Malaysia shares a border with Thailand to the north. To the south is the island of Singapore. Peninsular Malaysia is also known as West Malaysia. This people cluster encompasses a number of relatively small people groups that are indigenous to West Malaysia.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0254","ROP1":"A009","AffBloc":"North American Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A009","PplClstr":"Afro-American","PCdesc":"The Afro-American people cluster encompasses those people groups whose ethnic heritage is mostly pure African Negro or full-blooded Negro. African-Americans are the major people group but there are a number of other groups with an Afro- prefix followed by the relevant nationality. A majority are English speakers though there is some mixture of English-based Pidgin-Creoles.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0011","ROP1":"A009","AffBloc":"North American Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A009","PplClstr":"Anglo-American","PCdesc":"The Anglo-American people cluster encompasses the English-speaking portion of the Americas that is predominantly British-descended. White Americans (U.S. Americans) are the predominant people group but the cluster also includes minor English-speaking people groups outside the United States.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0097","ROP1":"A009","AffBloc":"North American Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A009","PplClstr":"Arctic Peoples","PCdesc":"The Arctic Peoples people cluster encompasses three distinct Arctic groups who are entirely unrelated to other major North American Indigenous peoples. The Inuit are Indigenous peoples of the Arctic regions of North America and Greenland.  The Yupik are Indigenous Arctic peoples of western and southwestern Alaska and the Russian Far East (Chukotka). The Aleut are Indigenous Arctic peoples of the Aleutian Islands, Pribilof Islands, and parts of the Alaska Peninsula. While ethnically distinct, these three groups share cultural traits rooted in their adaptation to Arctic and sub-Arctic environments.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0154","ROP1":"A009","AffBloc":"North American Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A009","PplClstr":"North American Indigenous","PCdesc":"The North American Indigenous people cluster encompasses the Na-Dené, Algonquian, Siouan, and other families that dominate the North American Indigenous landscape. In Canada these people groups are identified as Aboriginal peoples or First Nations peoples. In the United States they are typically identified as Native Americans. Hundreds of languages were spoken in North America prior to first contact with Europeans beginning in the 11th century but most indigenous languages in North America are in decline with a great many classified as endangered.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0001","ROP1":"A010","AffBloc":"Pacific Islander Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A010","PplClstr":"Aboriginal Australians","PCdesc":"Aboriginal Australians are the indigenous peoples of Australia who have inhabited the continent for thousands of years. They have a rich and diverse culture, consisting of hundreds of distinct language groups that maintain strong cultural and religious traditions.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0069","ROP1":"A010","AffBloc":"Pacific Islander Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A010","PplClstr":"Fiji","PCdesc":"Fiji is an island nation in Melanesia in the South Pacific. The majority of Fiji's 332 islands were formed through volcanic activity. Native Fijians trace their ancestry to Melanesian and Polynesian ancestors who first inhabited the islands some 3,500 years ago. While sharing a common ancestry, the geographic spread of the islands contributes to diversity in language and culture among the various people groups that comprise the Fiji people cluster. A majority of indigenous Fijians are Christians.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0139","ROP1":"A010","AffBloc":"Pacific Islander Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A010","PplClstr":"Micronesian","PCdesc":"Micronesia is a subregion of Oceania, comprising thousands of small islands in the western Pacific Ocean. It is distinct from Melanesia to the south, Polynesia to the east, the Philippines to the west, and Indonesia to the southwest. The name Micronesia is a compound of two Greek words that literally mean small islands. The Micronesian people cluster encompasses numerous small people groups, most of which are native to small, isolated islands and speak unique though linguistically related languages. The one commonality shared by most of these peoples is at least a nominal Christian faith, tracing to extensive Roman Catholic missionary activity in the 17th and 18th centuries followed by Protestant missionary activity throughout the 19th century.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0151","ROP1":"A010","AffBloc":"Pacific Islander Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A010","PplClstr":"New Caledonia","PCdesc":"New Caledonia is an overseas territory of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, 750 miles east of Australia. The territory includes the main island of Grande Terre and several smaller islands encompassing 7,172 square miles (slightly smaller than the state of New Jersey). The New Caledonia people cluster includes a number of Melanesian peoples, indigenous to New Caledonia. The Roman Catholic Church claims a majority of many of these people groups as adherents, but several Protestant churches are also working among them.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0152","ROP1":"A010","AffBloc":"Pacific Islander Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A010","PplClstr":"New Guinea","PCdesc":"New Guinea is the world's second largest island, home to some 7.5 million people. Politically, the western half of the island is under the jurisdiction of Indonesia while the eastern half forms the country of Papua New Guinea. The island is populated by a thousand different tribal groups that speak nearly as many distinct languages, making New Guinea the most linguistically diverse area in the world and making the New Guinea people cluster the largest in terms of number of people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0170","ROP1":"A010","AffBloc":"Pacific Islander Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A010","PplClstr":"Other Pacific Islanders","PCdesc":"The Other Pacific Islanders people cluster encompasses Pacific Islanders who are not classified within the Aborigine, Fiji, Micronesian, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Polynesian, Solomons, or Vanuatu peoples clusters that account for most Pacific Islanders.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0180","ROP1":"A010","AffBloc":"Pacific Islander Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A010","PplClstr":"Polynesian","PCdesc":"Polynesia is a subregion of Oceania, comprised of more than 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. The indigenous peoples who inhabit the islands of Polynesia are identified as Polynesians. They share a family of related languages as well as similar cultural traits and religious beliefs.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0197","ROP1":"A010","AffBloc":"Pacific Islander Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A010","PplClstr":"Solomons","PCdesc":"Solomon Islands is a sovereign state in Oceania, east of Papua New Guinea. Consisting of nearly one thousand islands, the Solomons cover a land area of roughly 11,000 square miles. Most inhabitants of the Solomons are ethnically Melanesian. Ethnologue details 70 living languages spoken in the Solomon Islands, most spoken by people groups numbering less than 10,000 in population. These groups are predominantly Christian with the Anglican Church of Melanesia, Roman Catholics, South Seas Evangelical Church, and United Church in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands all active among them.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0227","ROP1":"A010","AffBloc":"Pacific Islander Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A010","PplClstr":"Vanuatu","PCdesc":"The Vanuatu people cluster encompasses numerous small people groups that inhabit the island nation of Vanuatu in the South Pacific.  Almost half of these people groups number less than 1,500 people, yet they are linguistically diverse. More than 100 languages, mostly of Malayo-Polynesian origins, are still spoken in Vanuatu.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0054","ROP1":"A011","AffBloc":"Southeast Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A011","PplClstr":"Bouyei","PCdesc":"Bouyei is one of 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China. Most Bouyei live in China's Guizhou province but some also reside in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces and across the border in Vietnam. In spite of the governmental recognition given to the Bouyei, most Bouyei consider themselves to be Zhuang. Aside from the main Bouyei people group, several smaller related groups are assigned to this cluster.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0058","ROP1":"A011","AffBloc":"Southeast Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A011","PplClstr":"Burmese","PCdesc":"Burmese is the official language of the Burmese people of Myanmar and the native language of numerous sub-ethnic groups of the Burmese. This people cluster also includes a few related peoples who speak languages from the Southern Burmish family.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0064","ROP1":"A011","AffBloc":"Southeast Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A011","PplClstr":"Cham","PCdesc":"The Cham people are an ethnic group in Southeast Asia, distributed mainly in central Cambodia and Vietnam.  Their roots trace to the Kingdom of Champa that controlled what is now southern and central Vietnam from the 7th century until the 19th century. A majority of the Cham in Cambodia are Muslims while in Vietnam they follow Hinduism, Buddhism, or a mix of ethnic religions.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0106","ROP1":"A011","AffBloc":"Southeast Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A011","PplClstr":"Karen","PCdesc":"The Karen people cluster encompasses a number of related ethnic peoples in southern and southeastern Myanmar who speak a variety of Sino-Tibetan languages. A large number of Karen also reside across the border in Thailand. A large number of Karen people are refugees due to the Karen National Union (KNU) that has waged war with the Myanmar government since 1949 in hopes of attaining an independent Karen state. Christianity, Buddhism, and ethnic religions are all practiced among these people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0332","ROP1":"A011","AffBloc":"Southeast Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A011","PplClstr":"Kuki-Chin (Zo)","PCdesc":"Kuki-Chin (Zo) is a geographic cluster of ethnically related peoples within the Tibeto-Burman language family. Zo is the broader ethnic group. Kuki is the more common ethnonym in throughout northeastern India and the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh.  Chin is the more common ethnonym among the tribal groups of western Myanmar.","PCcite":"Wikipedia (Kuki-Chin languages)","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0116","ROP1":"A011","AffBloc":"Southeast Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A011","PplClstr":"Lao","PCdesc":"The Lao people are an ethnic subgroup of the Tai peoples of Southeast Asia and the Lao language is closely related to Thai and other languages spoken by the Tai peoples.  Sixty percent of the people of Laos are ethnic Lao. They are the principal lowland inhabitants and the culturally dominant group. The Lao people cluster includes only those people groups whose first language is Lao.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0117","ROP1":"A011","AffBloc":"Southeast Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A011","PplClstr":"Li","PCdesc":"The Li people are a minority ethnic group of China, primarily located on Hainan Island. They refer to themselves as the Hlai people. The Li are believed to be descendants of the ancient Yue (commonly known as Cantonese) tribes of China. While the Li people groups speak one or more dialects of their native Hlai language, many also speak Mandarin Chinese.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0118","ROP1":"A011","AffBloc":"Southeast Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A011","PplClstr":"Lisu","PCdesc":"The Lisu people are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group living today in China's Yunnan Province as well as in mountainous regions of Myanmar, remote country areas of Thailand, and parts of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. Lisu and Lipo are the two languages spoken by ethnic Lisu. Christianity was introduced to the Lisu in Yunnan Province in 1910 by James Fraser of the China Inland Mission. Today there is a vibrant Lisu church within China and the Lisu are active in evangelizing neighboring people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0138","ROP1":"A011","AffBloc":"Southeast Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A011","PplClstr":"Miao / Hmong","PCdesc":"Miao and Hmong are two terms used to refer to an indigenous people of southwestern China. The Miao live mainly in the provinces of Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi and Hubei. Miao is a Chinese term that is widely used but does not reflect the self-designation of all the peoples within this cluster, many of whom prefer Hmong or Hmu. Some sub-groups, most notably the Hmong, have migrated out of China into southeast Asia and are today found in Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Myanmar. Following the Communist takeover of Laos in 1975, a large number of Hmong refugees resettled in the United States, France and Australia. Most of the people groups represented by the Miao / Hmong people cluster practice various ethnic religions.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0145","ROP1":"A011","AffBloc":"Southeast Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A011","PplClstr":"Mizo","PCdesc":"The Mizo people cluster encompasses several related Tibeto-Burman peoples of northeastern India, western Myanmar, and eastern Bangladesh. The Mizo are an ethnic group native to the Indian state of Mizoram (literally \"Mizoland\"). This area was called the Lushai Hills and was a district of Assam before being carved out as a distinct political territory for the Mizo people. Mizo encompasses various tribes and sub-tribes, including the Lushai, Hmar, Paite, Lai, Mara, and others.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0147","ROP1":"A011","AffBloc":"Southeast Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A011","PplClstr":"Mon-Khmer","PCdesc":"Mon-Khmer is a major language family of southeast Asia. The language family derives its name from the two largest languages, Central Khmer, a language of Cambodia and Mon, a language of Myanmar, but 145 other languages are also classified within the Mon-Khmer language family. The Mon-Khmer people cluster encompasses this diverse mix of people groups, among whom Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and ethnic religions are all widely practiced.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0171","ROP1":"A011","AffBloc":"Southeast Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A011","PplClstr":"Other Southeast Asian","PCdesc":"The Other Southeast Asian people cluster encompasses Southeast Asian peoples who are not classified within the Bouyei, Cham, Lao, li, Miao / Hmong, Mon-Khmer, Shan, Tai, Tai Dam, Tai-Kadai, Thai, Vietnamese, Yao-Mien, or Zhuang people clusters that account for most Southeast Asian peoples.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0191","ROP1":"A011","AffBloc":"Southeast Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A011","PplClstr":"Shan","PCdesc":"The Shan are a Tai ethnic group of Southeast Asia, mainly inhabiting the Shan and Kachin states of Myanmar and adjacent regions of China and Thailand. Several subgroups of Shan are included in the Shan people cluster. Theravada Buddhism is practiced by most of the Shan people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0207","ROP1":"A011","AffBloc":"Southeast Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A011","PplClstr":"Tai","PCdesc":"Tai peoples are culturally and genetically similar and are primarily identified through their language. The Tai-Kadai languages are a family of highly tonal languages spoken in southern China and Southeast Asia. The Tai people cluster encompasses ethnolinguistic groups from two branches of the Tai-Kadai language family: Kadai and Kam-Tai.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0215","ROP1":"A011","AffBloc":"Southeast Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A011","PplClstr":"Thai","PCdesc":"The Thai people are the main ethnic group of Thailand and part of the larger Tai ethnolinguistic family of Southeast Asia. The Thai languages (Central, Northeastern, Northern, and Southern), are all classified within the Kam-Tai branch of Tai-Kadai. Theravada Buddhism is the primary religion of most Thai people, but sizeable subgroups of Sunni Muslims are found throughout Thailand.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0228","ROP1":"A011","AffBloc":"Southeast Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A011","PplClstr":"Vietnamese","PCdesc":"Within Vietnam they are officially known as 'Kinh', but around the world they are better known simply as Vietnamese. Originating in what is now southern China and northern Vietnam, the Vietnamese people occupy the entire eastern seacoast of the Indochinese Peninsula. Ethnic Vietnamese predominantly speak the Vietnamese language and practice the Mahayana tradition of Buddhism.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0232","ROP1":"A011","AffBloc":"Southeast Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A011","PplClstr":"Yao-Mien","PCdesc":"Yao and Mien are synonymous terms for a group of peoples living in scattered mountain communities across southwestern China. 'Yao' was adopted as the official minority name by the Chinese government in 1949, but 'Mien' is widely used among the people. Culturally, they are very close to the majority Han Chinese people. Traditionally they work as upland farmers, though many have migrated to urban centers and quite a few have immigrated to Vietnam, Laos, Thailand and the United States. Most of the Yao-Mien peoples practice Daoism with a mixture of animism and ancestor veneration.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0235","ROP1":"A011","AffBloc":"Southeast Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A011","PplClstr":"Zhuang","PCdesc":"The Zhuang are an ethnic group predominantly found in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China. Some also live in surrounding provinces of China and across the border into Vietnam. An official minority in China, by most estimates the Zhuang number around 18 million, establishing them as the largest minority people in China. In urban settings they are quickly assimilating with the Han Chinese and in many cases are indistinguishable from the Han Chinese.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0318","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Ansari","PCdesc":"Ansari refers to a Muslim community found mainly in India, though smaller Ansari communities are reported in Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh. The Varanasi District in Uttar Pradesh is regarded as the center of the community in India. The Ansaris are mainly a landlord community but some are small and medium scale farmers.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0319","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Arain","PCdesc":"The Arain are described as a gardening and cultivating caste, largely settled in Delhi, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Bihar. They follow the Sunni sect of Islam. While the majority are landholders, engaged in traditional cultivation and animal husbandry, some are employed in government or private jobs.","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume IV. India's Communities A-G. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 112-115","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0022","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Assamese","PCdesc":"The Assamese are a cultural community with a shared identity shaped by historic roots in the northeast Indian state of Assam. Formed after centuries of assimilation of Austroasiatic, Tibeto-Burman, Indo-Aryan and Tai populations, this cluster of peoples is ethnically, linguistically and religiously diverse.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0298","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Badhai","PCdesc":"An occupational community, the Badhai (Barhai) derive their name from a Sanskrit word meaning cutting and continue to primarily engage in the occupation of carpentry. They are mainly distributed in Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Chandigarh.","PCcite":" -- K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume IV. India's Communities A-G. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 158-161","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0293","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Bania","PCdesc":"Bania is a cluster of related communities distributed widely across northern and western India. A majority of these communities are notified as schedule castes. Bania derives from a Sanskrit word meaning \"trading\" and the various Bania communities are typically involved in trade. Almost all Bania communities are endogamous.","PCcite":" -- K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume IV. India's Communities A-G. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 261-267","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0329","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Banjara","PCdesc":"Banjara refers to a cluster of related peoples distributed across western and southern India. Traditionally a nomadic tribe, today they are a more settled, trading community. The Banjara mainly speak Lambadi, part of the Rajasthani language family, but often also speak a major regional language.","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume IV. India's Communities A-G. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 268-281","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0043","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Bengali","PCdesc":"Bengalis are an Indo-Aryan ethnocultural community that originated in the Bengal region of South Asia. Bengali is the predominant language, but Bengali people speak a variety of local languages in the diaspora. Bengalis are a religiously diverse group; though Muslim in majority, there are significant Hindu, Buddhist, and Christian Bengali people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0050","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Bhil","PCdesc":"The Bhil are one of the largest indigenous tribes of India. They are found throughout western India but their largest concentrations are in southern Rajasthan, western Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and northern Maharashtra. The Bhil language family includes nineteen languages, most spoken only by smaller sub-groups of Bhil. A majority of Bhil speak Hindi and practice Hinduism, though elements of their tribal religion still retain influence.","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume IV. India's Communities A-G. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 428-439","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0299","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Bhoi","PCdesc":"The Bhoi (Bauri, Basuri) are an occupational caste known as those who carry a litter or palanquin. They are distributed in Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Assam. In Odisha they are notified as a scheduled caste, while in Assam they are included among the scheduled tribes.","PCcite":" -- K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume IV. India's Communities A-G. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 444-449","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0051","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Bhojpur-Maithili","PCdesc":"The Bhojpur-Maithili people cluster encompasses more than a dozen people groups that speak the Bhojpuri or Maithili languages. Bhojpuri is spoken in the western part of Bihar state and northwestern Jharkhand. Maithili is spoken in Bihar and Jharkhand in India as well as across the border into Nepal. Most of the people groups classified as Bhojpur-Maithili are relatively small.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0053","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Bihari","PCdesc":"The Bihari are an ethnic group who trace their origins to the ancient state of Bihar, what today is the states of Bihar and Jharkhand. They typically speak one of more Bihari languages, a language family that includes Bhojpuri and Maithili, though Hindi is widely used in most formal contexts. Hindus, Muslims and Christians are all numbered among the people groups classified as Bihari.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0294","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Brahmin","PCdesc":"The Brahmin people are a prominent community spread across the whole of India. The Brahmin are the highest of the four Hindu social classes (Varnas). Their traditional occupations were related to transmission of the Sanskrit sacred traditions (Veda). While some still function as Hindu priests, Brahmin are found in a variety of professional occupations.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0055","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Brahui","PCdesc":"The Brahui are an ethnic group of some 2.5 million with the majority living in Pakistan and smaller numbers in neighboring Afghanistan and Iran. They are almost all Sunni Muslims. 'Brahui' is a very old Dravidian term and Brahui origins are disputed. They are thought to be Dravidian peoples who migrated to the Baluchistan region of Pakistan and intermingled with peoples of Iranian origin.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0284","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Chamar","PCdesc":"The Chamar are a Dalit community of India. They are found throughout the Indian subcontinent, mainly in the northern states of India and in Pakistan and Nepal. They are also known as Bhambi. Dalit is a Sanskrit term meaning \"broken or scattered\" and refers to the lowest caste in India, often characterized as \"untouchable\".","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0338","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Darzi","PCdesc":"The Darzi (Darji) community name derives from a Persian word meaning 'to sew'. They are an occupational community employed mainly as tailors. Hindu Darzi are distributed in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Karnataka. Muslim Darzi are largely concentrated in Uttar Pradesh.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0339","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Dhobi","PCdesc":"The Dhobi are a large community widely distributed throughout northern India. Referred to as Dhob in Jammu and Kashmire and Dhoba in eastern India, the Dhobi are an occupational caste traditionally engaged in the washing and ironing of clothes. While the majority are Hindu, there are Muslim Dhobi in Delhi, Gujarat, Bihar and Chandigarh.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0285","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Dusadh","PCdesc":"The Dusadh (Dosadh, Dusad) are a Dalit community of India. They are distributed across the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. Historically, the Dusadhs were palanquin bearers. Dalit is a Sanskrit term meaning \"broken or scattered\" and refers to the lowest caste in India, often characterized as \"untouchable\".","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0331","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Gond","PCdesc":"The Gond are numerically the most dominant tribe of India. Their homeland extends from the Satpura range down to the Godavari, from Uttar Pradesh (Gonda district) and north Bihar to Andhra Pradesh, and from Maharashtra to Odisha. Though many still speak one of the Gondi languages, most are now bilingual speaking Hindi, Marathi or Telugu depending on their location. The Gonds have scheduled tribe status in most Indian states.","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume III. The Scheduled Tribes. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1994), pp. 293-356","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0080","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Gond","PCdesc":"The Gond are numerically the most dominant tribe of India. Their homeland extends from the Satpura range down to the Godavari, from Uttar Pradesh (Gonda district) and north Bihar to Andhra Pradesh, and from Maharashtra to Odisha. Though many still speak one of the Gondi languages, most are now bilingual speaking Hindi, Marathi or Telugu depending on their location. The Gonds have scheduled tribe status in most Indian states.","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume III. The Scheduled Tribes. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1994), pp. 293-356","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0086","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Gujarati","PCdesc":"Gujarat is a state is western India and Gujarati is a generic term for the migrants from Gujarat who went to different parts of the country for employment, business and trade. It is also the name of the Indo-Aryan language they speak. There are an estimated 46 million speakers of Gujarati, the majority still residing in Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0342","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Gujjar","PCdesc":"The Gujjar are a large community of India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. Typically engaging in agriculture or animal husbandry, the Gujjar are linguistically and religiously diverse. Their heart language is Gujari, but they speak the language of the region where they live. There are significant Muslim and Hindu Gujjar communities as well as some Sikh Gujjars.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0091","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Hindi","PCdesc":"Hindi is an official language of India, spoken by an estimated 180,000,000 people. Colloquial Hindi is mutually intelligible with Urdu, yet due to religious nationalism and communal tensions, speakers of both Hindi and Urdu frequently assert that they are distinct languages. Speakers of Hindi typically practice Hinduism . The Hindi people cluster encompasses  numerous castes, tribes and religious communities mainly within India.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0336","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Indo-Caribbean","PCdesc":"Indo-Caribbeans are Caribbean people who trace their full or partial ancestry to India. Their ancestors were Indian or other South Asian indentured workers brought to the Caribbean islands by the British, Dutch, and French from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century. They are predominantly Hindu with significant Christian and Muslim minorities and typically speak either Hindi or Caribbean Hindustani.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0100","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Jat","PCdesc":"The Jat are a dominant peasant community of north-west India and Pakistan. Originally most of the Jats were Hindu, though some converted to Islam and Sikhism. Today, the Jat of Pakistan are mainly Muslim. The Jat of India are mostly divided among two large castes: one Sikh, concentrated in Punjab, the other Hindu.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0341","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Jogi","PCdesc":"Jogi is a community that covers a large variety of people belonging to diverse linguistic, ethnic, cultural and regional backgrounds. The word 'jogi' is a generic term meaning a devotee of yoga. There are two distinct classes among the Jogi: a religious order of Hindus, and a  lower-caste collection of beggars and fortune tellers comprised of both Hindus and Muslims.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0301","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Kahar","PCdesc":"The Kahar are distributed in a number of north Indian states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Rajasthan and West Bengal. In Tripura they are a scheduled caste. The Kahar have abandoned their traditional occupation of carrying palanquins and are now mostly employed in small-scale businesses, such as runningrestaurants, cloth, medicine and betel shops, and fruit and egg stalls. Some of them are engaged in salaried jobs both in private and government sectors.","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume V. India's Communities H-M. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 1443-1449","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0104","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Kanarese","PCdesc":"The Kanarese people cluster encompasses a number of related ethnic communities originating from the Karnataka region of southern India. These communities primarily speak Kannada, a language with a long literary tradition dating back to the 9th century. Kanarese people groups are predominantly Hindu, but there are also significant Muslim, Christian, Jain, and Lingayat communities.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0302","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Kapu","PCdesc":"The Kapu (Reddy) are a large dominant community of Andhra Pradesh, also distributed in Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha and Maharashtra. Historically, the Kapu belonged to the fourth of the Hindu varnas, Sudra. However, in the present socio-economic system, they occupy a place next only to the Brahman.","PCcite":" -- K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume VI. India's Communities N-Z. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 3006-3047","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0107","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Kashmiri","PCdesc":"The Kashmiri are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group originating from the Kashmir Valley, which is located in the Indian-administered region of Jammu and Kashmir, a presently disputed territory, with portions controlled by the governments of India, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China. The vast majority of Kashmiri peoples reside in India's state of Jammu and Kashmir. Since the 14th century, Sunni Islam has dominated the Kashmir region, though isolated pockets of Hindus and Buddhists may still be found.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0303","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Kayastha","PCdesc":"The Kayastha are a well-known and widely-distributed community of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Tripura, Assam, Delhi and Chandigarh. Traditionally the Kayastha were considered a \"writing caste\", who served the ruling powers as administrators, ministers and record-keepers. There are numerous clans, subcastes, and sects within the Kayastha community.","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume V. India's Communities H-M. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 1625-1643","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0346","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Kshatriya","PCdesc":"The Kshatriya are one of the four primary social classes, or varnas, in India. The concept of Kshatriya originates from the Hindu social order, where they are traditionallly recognized as the warrior and ruling class, but over time the term has also been adopted by other religious communities in India, including Sikhs, Buddhists, and Jains.","PCcite":"-","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0304","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Kumhar","PCdesc":"The Kumhar are a widely distributed community of northern India. The term 'kumhar' is derived from the Sanskrit word kumbhkara, meaning a maker of pots. They are known by different names in different states, such as Kusuvan in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Kulal in the coastal districts of Karnataka and Kerala, Kumbar in the entire region of Karnataka, Kummara in Andhra Pradesh and Kumar in Assam.","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume V. India's Communities H-M. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 1880-1893","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0306","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Kurmi","PCdesc":"The Kurmi are a numerically large and widely distributed cultivating caste, having eleven main endogamous divisions including: Baiswar, Bardhiha, Gangapar, Gujarati, Jaiswar, Kanaujiya, Kharebind, Patariha or Patthariha, Rash, Saindiwar or Saithwar and Singraur. They are a landowning and agricultural community also involved in the domestication of cows and buffaloes.","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume V. India's Communities H-M. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 1923-1933","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0124","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Malayali","PCdesc":"The Malayali are a Dravidian ethnolinguistic group originating from the state of Kerala and the Union Territory of Lakshadweep. They predominantly speak Malayalam, the state language of Kerala. The Malayali people cluster encompasses a number of diverse people groups whose primary relationship is linguistic, although it includes some groups who maintain Malayali cultural traditions though not speaking the Malayalam language.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0309","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Mali","PCdesc":"The Mali (Malakkar) are an occupational caste engaged in gardening and supplying flowers to Hindu temples. They have numerous subgroups and are widely distributed in West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat.","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume V. India's Communities H-M. Delhi: Oxford University PRess (1998), pp. 2151-2159","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0344","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Mallah","PCdesc":"The Mallah are the traditional boatmen and fishermen communities of India and Pakistan. They are also known as Nishad, Malso or Mallahi and include numerous subgroups such as Chain, Dhawa, and Kewat. Fishing is the primary occupation those some also pursue agriculture.  The Mallah are primarily Hindu but there are sizeable Muslim Mallah communities.","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume V. India's Communities H-M. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 2164-2166","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0135","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Marathi-Konkani","PCdesc":"The Marathi-Konkani people cluster encompasses a variety of castes and communities indigenous to the western coastal region of India, particularly in Maharashtra and the Konkan region. Most of these communities speak Marathi, the official language of Maharashtra and Goa and the 14th most spoken language in the world, or a variety of Konkani, a smaller family of languages spoken within the same region. Most of the people groups assigned to the Marathi-Konkani people cluster are castes (occupational subgroups) of Hindu peoples.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0148","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Munda-Santal","PCdesc":" The Santal are the largest tribal community in India. The Munda are fewer in number but still a major tribal community of India. Both groups are found throughout the Chota Nagpur Plateau region of India that spans the states of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, and Assam. Their languages--Mundari and Santali--represent both individual languages and families of related languages. The Munda-Santal people cluster encompasses these tribal peoples that speak Mundari and Santali languages.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0310","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Nai","PCdesc":"The Nai (Napit) are an occupational caste of barbers found throughout India. Hair-cutting, shaving and match-making are the traditional occupations of the Nai. They are distributed in Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Chandigarh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Assam and Tripura. In West Bengal, Assam, and Tripura they are called Napit.","PCcite":" -- K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume VI. India's Communities N-Z. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 2546-2554","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0295","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Nair","PCdesc":"The Nair (Nayar) are a group of Indian Hindu castes with numerous subdivisions, many of whom do not bear the name 'Nair'. The Nair are concentrated in the Indian state of Kerala but are also reported in Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, and Maharashtra.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0288","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Namasudra","PCdesc":"The Namasudra are a Dalit community of India. They are mainly concentrated in West Bengal, Assam, Tripura and Bihar.  Dalit is a Sanskrit term meaning \"broken or scattered\" and refers to the lowest caste in India, often characterized as \"untouchable\".","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0150","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Nepali-Pahari","PCdesc":"The Pahari languages are a geographic group of Indic languages spoken in the lower ranges of the Himalayas, from Nepal in the east to the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu and Kashmir in the west. Nepali is the most widely spoken Pahari language. The Nepali-Pahari people cluster encompasses the large Nepalese people groups along with numerous Pahari-speaking peoples, a majority of whom practice Hinduism.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0163","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Odia","PCdesc":"Odia is a major Indo-Aryan language of India, spoken in the states of Odisha, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh. It is the state language of Odisha and the second official language of Jharkhand, with around 50 million speakers worldwide. The Odia people cluster encompasses numerous occupational castes that share the Odia language and the Hindu religion.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0172","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Other South Asian","PCdesc":"The South Asia - other people cluster encompasses South Asian peoples who are not classified within the Assamese, Banjara, Bengali, Bhil, Bhojpur-Maithili, Bihari, Brahui, Gond, Gujarati, Hindi, Jat, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayali, Maldivian, Marathi-Konkani, Munda-Santal, Nepali, Pahari, Oraon, Oriya, Punjabi, Rajasthan, Sindhi, Sinhala, Tamil, Telugu, or Urdu Muslim people clusters that account for most South Asian peoples.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0290","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Pasi","PCdesc":"The Pasi are a Dalit community of India. They are mainly distributed in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Telangana and Uttar Pradesh. They are divided into subgroups including the Gujjar Pasi, Kaith Pasi and Baurasi Pasi. Dalit is a Sanskrit term meaning \"broken or scattered\" and refers to the lowest caste in India, often characterized as \"untouchable\".","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India. Volume VI. India's Communities N-Z. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998). Pp. 2794-2797","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0183","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Punjabi","PCdesc":"Punjab is a geographical region straddling the border between Pakistan and India, including the Punjab province of Pakistan and the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh and some northern parts of the capital of Delhi. The Punjabi people are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group originating from the Punjab region. Traditional Punjab identity was primarily linguistic. Regardless of religious affiliation or ethnic background, those speaking a Punjab language were regarded as Punjabi. Today, people of Punjabi origins are considered to be Punjabi even if they no longer speak a Punjabi language. The Punjabi people cluster encompasses a wide range of ethnic and religious groups. Islam, Hinduism and Sikhism are all practiced by Punjabi people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0186","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Rajasthani","PCdesc":"The Rajasthani are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group indigenous to the state of Rajasthan in northern India. Rajasthani people groups speak a variety of related languages including Marwari, Mewari, and Shekhawati. One or more Rajasthani languages are spoken by more than 20 million people in Rajasthan and neighboring states of India and Pakistan. The Rajasthani people cluster encompasses  numerous castes and tribes, mos of who practice Hinduism.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0297","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Rajput","PCdesc":"Rajput is a large and diverse cluster of castes whose members generally consider themselves to belong to the Kshatriya (warrior) varna (class). Rajput includes peoples with varied ethnic and geographical backgrounds. Rajputs are widely distributed across northern and central India and southern and eastern Pakistan. The majority are Hindu, but there are a few Muslim and Buddhist communities.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0324","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Sayyid","PCdesc":"The Sayyid (Syed, Saiyad, Sayyad) hold the foremost position among the four classes of Muslims in general: Sayyid, Sheikh, Mughal and Pathan. The Sayyid are widely distributed across northern India, with concentrations in Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Gujarat.","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume VI, India's Communities N-Z. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 3402-3411","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0192","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Sindhi","PCdesc":"The Sindhi people are an ethnic group native to the former Sindh province of India, which today is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Most Sindhi peoples were originally Hindus or Buddhists, but the arrival of Muslim Arabs in the 7th century deeply influenced Sindhi religion and culture. Following the partition of India in 1947, most Hindu Sindhi migrated to India, leaving Sunni Muslim Sindhi to dominate the Sindh province of Pakistan.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0193","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Sinhala","PCdesc":"Sinhala is the mother tongue of the Sinhalese people, the largest ethnic group in Sri Lanka. In addition to the Sinhala, this people cluster includes the Veddah, an indigenous people of Sri Lanka, and the Burgher, an ethnic group of mixed European and Sri Lankan heritage. Some sources also include the Rodiya, an untouchable social group or caste of the Sinhalese.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0312","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Sonar","PCdesc":"The Sonar are an occupational caste of jewellers spread across much of northern, central and eastern India. The community name is derived from the the Sanskrit word for gold, and reflects their traditional occupation as goldsmiths. The Sonar are predominantly Hindu.","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume VI. India's Communities N-Z. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 3335-3348","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0282","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"South Asian Buddhist","PCdesc":"The South Asia Buddhist cluster encompasses people groups with identity rooted in their Buddhist faith. Only Bhutan and Sri Lanka are majority Buddhist nations in South Asia, but Buddhists are also an important minority religion in Nepal, India and Bangladesh.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0283","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"South Asian Christian","PCdesc":"The South Asia Christian cluster encompasses people groups with identity rooted in their Christian faith.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0335","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"South Asian Jain","PCdesc":"Jainism is a nontheistic religion founded in India in the 6th century BC by the Jina Vardhamana Mahavira as a reaction against the teachings of orthodox Brahmanism. The Jain religion teaches salvation through a combination of right faith, right knowledge and right conduct practiced hrough strict adherence to the requirements of a doctrine of non-violence (Ahimsa).","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0328","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"South Asian Sikh","PCdesc":"Sikhism is an Indian religion that originated in the Punjab region around the end of the 15th century. This cluster encompasses subgroups of  various communities whose identity is primarily shaped by their Sikh religion.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0333","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"South Asian Tribal","PCdesc":"The South Asian Tribal people cluster encompasses tribal peoples not clearly related to one of the major scheduled tribes: Banjara, Bhil, Gond, Kuki Chin, or Tangsa.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0213","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Tamil","PCdesc":"The Tamil people are an ethnic group native to Tamil Nadu, India and the northeastern region of Sri Lanka. Historical evidence of the Tamil dates to as early as 1500 BC. Tamil is a major Dravidian language of India, spoken primarily by the Tamil in India and Sri Lanka. The Tamil people cluster encompasses numerous occupational castes that share the Tamil language. Most Tamil are Hindus, but a few Tamil subgroups follow either Christianity or Islam.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0334","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Tangsa Naga","PCdesc":"Tangsa Naga is a cluster of Naga tribes in north-eastern India and Northern Myanmar. The Tangsa are a scheduled tribe under the Indian Constitution. Tangsa traditions suggest they migrated from what is now Mongolia to their current locations in India and Myanmar at the beginning of the 13th century. There are many Tangsa subtribes speaking a variety of related languages.","PCcite":"Wikipedia (Tangsa Naga)","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0313","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Teli","PCdesc":"The Teli are an occupational caste widely distributed across northern India. The traditional occupation of oil pressing has virtually disappeared and the Teli have taken to trade and agriculture on which they now largely depend. In fact, today land is the main economic resource for the majority of the rural Teli community. Some have taken up animal husbandry as a vocation while others rear sheep and goats.","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume VI. India's Communities N-Z. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 3462-3476","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0214","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Telugu","PCdesc":"The Telugu are a Dravidian ethnic group of India, native to the state of Andhra Pradesh but with significant presence in other neighboring states. They speak the Telugu language, the third most commonly spoken language in India after Hindi and Bengali. The Telugu people cluster encompasses numerous occupational castes that share the Telugu language. Most Telugu are Hindus, but a few Telugu subgroups follow either Christianity or Islam.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0224","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Urdu","PCdesc":"Urdu is part of the Hindustani language family. It is the national language of Pakistan and is also widely spoken in India. Colloquial Urdu is mutually intelligible with Hindi, yet due to religious nationalism and communal tensions, speakers of both Urdu and Hindi frequently assert that they are distinct languages. While the majority of Urdu speakers are Muslim, there are also significant minoritites of urdu speakers who follow other religions. The Urdu people cluster encompasses numerous castes and tribes within Pakistan and India.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0292","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Valmiki","PCdesc":"The Valmiki (Balmiki) are a Dalit community of India. The Valmiki include the Bhangi, Mehtar, Lalbegi and a few other communities. They are widely distributed in Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Delhi and Chandigarh. Dalit is a Sanskrit term meaning \"broken or scattered\" and refers to the lowest caste in India, often characterized as \"untouchable\".","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India. Volume IV. India's Communities A-G. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998). Pp. 233-236","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0315","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Vanniyan","PCdesc":"The Vanniyan claim to be descendants of the fire races (agnikula) and the name derives from the Sanskrit word meaning fire. Vanniyan communities are distributed in the states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and the union territory of Pondicherry. Agriculture is their traditional occupation.","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume VI. India's Communities N-Z. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 3599-3603","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0316","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Viswakarma","PCdesc":"The Viswakarma are a major Hindu land owning commumunity in the Tamil Nadu state of India. Some of their subgroups are also distributed in the adjoining areas of Pondicherry, Kerala and Karnataka. The Viswakarma are vegetarian. They practice endogamy at the community level and exogamy at the gotra level. Tamil is their mother tongue but they also speak Telugu and Malayalam.","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume VI. India's Communities A-G. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 3662-3665","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0314","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Vokkaliga","PCdesc":"The Vokkaliga are a major Hindu land owning commumunity in the Karnataka state of India. Some of their subgroups are also distributed in the adjoining areas of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. The Vokkaliga are non-vegetarian. Their clans are typically exogamous. Kannada is their mother tongue but they also speak Malayalam.","PCcite":"K. S. Singh, People of India, Volume VI. India's Communities A-G. Delhi: Oxford University Press (1998), pp. 3666-3680","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0317","ROP1":"A012","AffBloc":"South Asian Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A012","PplClstr":"Yadav","PCdesc":"Yadav refers to a collection of peasant-pastoral communities in India that claim descent from the mythological Hindu King Yadu. Traditionally, Yadav groups were linked to cattle raising and were outside the formal caste system. Yadavs are concentrated in Northern India, particularly in Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.","PCcite":"Wikipedia","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0003","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Adamawa-Ubangi","PCdesc":"Adamawa-Ubangi is a family of languages spoken in West and Central Africa. The Adamawa branch includes 80-90 languages spoken mostly across the Adamawa Plateau in Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic and Chad. The Ubangian branch includes some seventy languages, mostly found within the Central African Republic.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0024","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Atlantic","PCdesc":"Situated along a coastal strip stretching from the Senegal River down into Liberia some 750 miles away, the Atlantic people cluster encompasses a number of comparatively small ethnic groups who speak Senegalo-Guinean languages. These groups, varying in size from 250,000 to just a few hundred, are surrounded by the larger Fula, Wolof, and Mande peoples.","PCcite":"W. A. A. Wilson, \"Atlantic\", in The Niger-Congo Languages, Edited by John Bendor-Samuel. Lanham, Maryland: University Press (1989), pp. 81-83.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0025","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Atlantic-Jola","PCdesc":"The Jola are an ethnic group found in Senegal, The Gambia, and Guinea-Bissau. They primarily live along the Atlantic coast between the southern banks of the Gambia River, in the Casamance region of Senegal and the northern part of Guinea-Bissau. The Jola are believed to have preceded the Mande and Fula peoples inhabiting this coastal area. The Atlantic-Jola people cluster includes several ethnolinguistic varieties of Jola.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0026","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Atlantic-Wolof","PCdesc":"Wolof is a language of Senegal, The Gambia, and Mauritania, and the native language of the Wolof people. Like the neighboring languages Serer and Fula, it belongs to the Senegambian branch of the Niger–Congo language family. Unlike most other languages of Sub-Saharan Africa, Wolof is not a tonal language. The Atlantic-Wolof people cluster includes only the Wolof and the Lebou people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0257","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Cameroon-Bamileke","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. The Cameroon-Bamileke Bantu people cluster encompasses multiple Bantu ethnic groups primarily found in Cameroon, the largest of which is the Bamileke. The Bamileke, whose origins trace to Egypt, migrated to what is now northern Cameroon between the 11th and 14th centuries. In the 17th century they migrated further south and west to avoid being forced to convert to Islam. Today, a majority of peoples within this people cluster are Christians.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0258","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Central-Congo","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. The Central-Congo Bantu people cluster encompasses multiple Bantu ethnic groups primarily found in the Congo region of Africa, what today is comprised of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) and the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville). More than one hundred Bantu people groups are found within this geographic region.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0259","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Central-East","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. The Central-East Bantu people cluster encompasses a handful of Bantu ethnic groups primarily found in Tanzania. The largest groups are the Chagga, living on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro in northeastern Tanzania, the Shambala, inhabiting the coastal lowlands of Tanzania, and the Pare, who live in the highlands and mountains of Tanzania.","PCcite":"James Olson, The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (1996). Pp. 124, 480, 518.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0260","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Central-Lakes","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. The Central-Lakes Bantu people cluster encompasses more than seventy Bantu tribes, of which the largest are the Hutu and the Tutsi. Tragically, these two tribes are best known as the opposing sides in a brutal 1994 civil war in Rwanda that resulted in the deaths of more than 500,000 people, a conflict that had simmered for more than three decades. The various Central-Lakes tribes are found in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi in the area around lakes Albert, Edward, Kivu, Kyoga, and Victoria.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0261","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Central-Luba","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. The Luba are a major ethnic group of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The Luba Kingdom first appeared in the fifteenth century. It began to decline in the late nineteenth century due to the expansion of the Chokwe empire. The Central-Luba Bantu people cluster encompasses more than a dozen people groups, most of which are subgroups of the Luba.","PCcite":"James Olson, The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (1996). Pp. 345-346.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0262","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Central-South","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. More than one hundred tribal groups are classified among the Central-South Bantu with no single ethnic group dominating the cluster. These tribes are found in Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, and northeastern Angola.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0263","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Central-Southeast","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. Unlike many of the large and diverse Bantu people clusters, the Central-Southeast Bantu cluster encompasses only a handful of ethnic groups predominantly found in Mozambique and northeastern  South Africa. Among these groups are the Tsonga, Tswa, Chopi, Ronga, and Tonga. Some sources identify the Shangaan as a separate people group while others consider them a subgroup of the Tonga.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0264","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Central-Southwest","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. The Central-Southwest Bantu people cluster encompasses more than twenty ethnic groups primarily located in Angola and northern Namibia. The Umbundu of Angola dominate this cluster. Also known as Mbundu, the Umbundu comprise one-fourth of the population of Angola. Ethnohistorians believe the Mbundus arrived at their present location in the sixteenth century, migrating from central and east-central Africa.","PCcite":"James Olson, The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (1996). P. 387.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0265","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Central-Tanzania","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. The Central-Tanzania Bantu people cluster encompasses more than fifty ethnic groups which, as the cluster name suggests, are predominantly found within Tanzania. Among these groups the largest ethnic peoples are Sukuma, Gogo, Nyamwezi and Nyakyusa-Ngonde.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0266","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Chewa-Sena","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. The Chewa-Sena Bantu people cluster encompasses more than a dozen ethnic groups dominated by the Chewa and Sena tribes. The Chewas are the largest ethnic group in Malawi and the third largest in Zambia. They trace their roots to the Kalonga Muzura state in the seventeenth century, when they were known as Maravi. The Sena are an ethnic group living in the far southern tip of Malawi and across the border in Mozambique. Their expansion into southern Malawi is a twentieth-century phenomenon, a migration that began after World War I.","PCcite":"James Olson, The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (1996). Pp. 127, 514.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0267","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, East-Coastal","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. The East-Coastal Bantu people cluster encompasses more than twenty-five ethnic groups clustered along the coast of Kenya and Tanzania. Largest among these groups are the Giriama of Kenya and the Luguru of Tanzania.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0268","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Gikuyu-Kamba","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. The Gikuyu-Kamba Bantu people cluster encompasses more than a dozen ethnic or tribal people groups of which the two largest are the Kikuyu (Gikuyu), one of the main ethnic groups in Kenya located in the highlands north of Nairobi, and the Kamba, another of Kenya's primary ethnic groups located east of Nairobi, especially in the Machakos and Kitui districts in Eastern Province.","PCcite":"James Olson, The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (1996). Pp. 268, 286.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0269","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Kongo","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. The Kongos are the largest ethnic group in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Substantial numbers of Kongos also live in southern Congo and northern Angola near the Atlantic coast. During the late European Middle Ages, the Kongo established a powerful kingdom in central Africa. The state of Kongo existed south of the Zaire River by 1300; by 1500 there were other Kongo states--Loango, Ngoyo, and Kakongo--north of the river. The Kongos were not brought under European control until the early 1900s. It is the descendants of this Kongo kingdom that comprise the Kongo Bantu people cluster.","PCcite":"James Olson, The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (1996). P. 295.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0035","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Makua-Yao","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. Makua and Yao are two large Bantu tribes of southern Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Some ethnologists consider the Makua to be a subgroup of the Yao. Until the colonial conquest of the nineteenth century, the Yao were known widely as traders who exchanged ivory, slaves, beeswax, tobacco, guns, gunpowder, beads, and cloth between Arab and Swahili traders on the East African coast and interior ethnic groups.","PCcite":"James Olson, The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (1996). Pp. 361, 602-602.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0270","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Nguni","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. Nguni refers to a group of Bantu languages spoken in southeastern Africa, primarily in the coastal belt from Zululand to Ciskei in South Africa. The Ngunis migrated south from north of the Limpopo River in the fifteenth century, also with the Sotho peoples. The Ngunis generally stayed east of the Drakensberg mountains, near the coast, while the Sothos remained west of the mountains. Included in the Nguni group are the Zulu, Xhosas, Swazis, and Ndebeles.","PCcite":"James Olson, The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (1996). P. 435.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0271","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Northwest","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. The Northwest Bantu people cluster encompasses more than eighty ethnolinguistic people groups, only a few of which are larger than 100,000. Most of these people groups are scattered along the Atlantic coast from Cameroon in the north to central Angola in the south. The two sizeable groups within the people cluster are the Lunda, Mbundu of north central Angola and the Bassa of southern Cameroon.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0272","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Shona","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. The Shona are a composite ethnic group and include several groups clustered together on the basis of cultural and linguistic associations. Historically, the Shona groups were attacked by the Ndebeles in the 1830s and 1840s, resulting in the loss of their lands and cattle herds. In 1896-1897, the Shonas joined the Ndebeles in a bloody and ultimately unsuccessful war against the British colonial administration. Today they can be found in Zimbabwe, Botswana, Mozambique, and Zambia.","PCcite":"James Olson, The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (1996). Pp. 523-524.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0273","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Sotho-Tswana","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. The Sotho-Tswana Bantu people cluster encompasses more than twenty people groups, all of which are related to the Sotho and Tswana ethnic groups. The Sothos (Basuto) are one of the largest ethnic groups in southern Africa. Most of the Sothos live in Lesotho, formerly Basutoland. The Sothos are subdivided into several large groups, based in political loyalties to a chiefdom. The Tswana, often referred to as the Western Sotho, are a large ethnic group living in Botswana, Namibia, and across the border in South Africa. The largest Tswana settlements are near water sources on the edge of the Kalahari Desert.","PCcite":"James Olson, The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (1996). Pp. 534, 567.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0274","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Southeastern","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa. The Southeastern Bantu people cluster consists of a single ethnic group--the Venda of South Africa. Their homeland is located in northeastern Transvaal; there are also Venda living across the border in Zimbabwe. The Vendas were intricately involved with the Rozvi Kingdom, and their Bantu language is closely related to that of the Karanga of Zimbabwe. Some ethnolinguists classify their language as transitional between Sotho and Shona.","PCcite":"James Olson, The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (1996). P. 582.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0275","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Bantu, Swahili","PCdesc":"Bantu refers to a large, complex linguistic grouping of peoples in Africa.  Swahili is the most widely spoken language among the Bantu. The Swahili Bantu people cluster encompasses Bantu people who speak Swahili.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0044","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Benue","PCdesc":"The Benue River is the major tributary of the Niger River. At a length of some 1,400 km and almost entirely navigable during the summer months, the Benue is an important transportation route that serves the entire southeastern region of Nigeria. The Benue River basin is home to more than three hundred people groups, a majority of which number less than 50,000. Most groups speak a unique native language. Culture and religion vary widely.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0062","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Chadic","PCdesc":"The Chadic language family encompasses nearly 200 languages spoken across northern Nigeria, southern Niger, Southern Chad, Central African Republic, and northern Cameroon. Hausa, the most widely-spoken Chadic language is a separate people cluster. A majority of the people groups classified within the Chadic people cluster are less than 25,000 in population.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0077","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Fulani / Fulbe","PCdesc":"The Fulbe are also known as the Fulani Nigeria, the Fula or, in Francophone West Africa, the Peul. They are a cluster of people groups who have a unique culture and value system. Their origins are obscure, but their generally lighter skin color indicates a mixture of races. They emerged in the region of what is now Senegal, but spread east across the Sahel. Their language is West African and links them to the Bantu peoples.  Sunni Islam is practiced by most of the people groups within this cluster.","PCcite":"Patrick Johnstone, The Future of the Global Church, p. 176","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0084","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Guera-Naba of Chad","PCdesc":"Guera is an administrative division of southern Chad that is home to the Kenga, Morom, and Fanya people groups. Naba is the common language and ethnonym of the Bilala, Kuka and Medogo people groups. These people groups, all of whom follow Sunni Islam, form the Guera-Naba people cluster.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0085","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Guinean","PCdesc":"The Gulf of Guinea is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean between Cape Lopez in Gabon, north and west to Cape Palmas in Liberia. The coastline on the gulf includes the Bight of Benin and the Bight of Bonny, bight referring to the recessed curvature of the coastline. More than one hundred people groups scattered along the along the Bight of Benin, from Nigeria through Benin and Ghana to Ivory Coast are assigned to the Guinean people cluster.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0087","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Gur","PCdesc":"The Gur people cluster encompasses almost one hundred related languages spoken in West Africa. These people groups are concentrated in Burkina Faso, the southwestern portion of Mali, and northern parts of Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, and Benin. While Sunni Islam is the primary religion of the largest Gur people groups, the Mossi and Senufo, a majority of these Gur people groups practice traditional ethnic religions.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0090","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Hausa","PCdesc":"Hausa is the most widely spoken Chadic language and is the first language spoken by more than 25 million Hausa people, primarily in Nigeria. The Hausa people cluster includes a few small, closely related peoples in northern Nigeria and southwestern Niger. A majority of Hausa peoples practice traditional animistic religions.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0095","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Igbo","PCdesc":"The Igbo, also known as Ibo, are one of the three dominant ethnic groups of Nigeria, concentrated in the southeastern states of Anambra and Imo. They are also found across the border in southern Cameroon. The Igbo have inhabited their homeland in Nigeria for more than a thousand years. Several related subgroups are recognized as distinct people groups within the Igbo people cluster.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, The Peoples of Africa. London: Greenwood Press (1996), p. 234","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0096","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Ijaw","PCdesc":"The Ijaw people live in Rivers and Bendel states in Nigeria. Much of their land is located in the Niger Delta and consists of mangrove swamps and farmland. Since the region is crisscrossed by many creeks and rivers, fishing has always been important to the Ijaws. Ijaw tradition has them moving from the east and north to their present homeland in the fifteenth century, but their language does not resemble other Nigerian languages in the region. The Ijaw people cluster encompasses a number of Ijaw subgroups, including the Izon, Kalabari, Okrika, and Ibani.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, The Peoples of Africa. London: Greenwood Press (1996), p. 236","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0063","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Kanuri-Saharan","PCdesc":"The Kanuri people are an African ethnic group centered in the area of the former Bornu Empire, an African state of Nigeria from 1380 to 1893. Today this area spans northeastern Nigeria, southeast Niger, western Chad and northern Cameroon. Kanuri and related languages are classified as Saharan. The Kanuri-Saharan people cluster encompasses a number of ethnic and linguistic groups with historic ties to the Bornu Empire.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0109","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Khoisan","PCdesc":"Khoisan is a unifying name for two ethnic groups of Southern Africa who share physical and linguistic characteristics distinct from the Bantu majority of the region. Culturally, the Khoisan are divided into the foraging San and the pastoral Khoi. The San are thought to be the original inhabitants while the Khoi arrived in Southern Africa only shortly before the Bantu. The Khoisan languages are characterized by the use of click consonants make them distinctive from most other languages. The generic term, bushman, is used to describe many of these peoples who are predominantly found in arid areas of the region, notably in the Kalahari Desert.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0112","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Kru","PCdesc":"Kru refers to a linguistic group found today in southwest Côte d'Ivoire and southern Liberia. The people groups that comprise the Kru people cluster tend to live along the Atlantic coast where they make their living as fishermen and subsistence farmers. Christianity and traditional animist beliefs are widely practiced among these peoples.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, The Peoples of Africa. London: Greenwood Press (1996), p. 308","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0126","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Malinke","PCdesc":"The Malinke, also called Maninka, Mandinko, or Mandingo, are a Manding-speaking people residing today in southern Ghana, northwestern Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, northern Liberia, Gambia, Guinea, Senegal, and the region of Manden on the border of Mali and Guinea-Bissau. They are primarily farmers who trace their origins to the thirteenth-century Mali Empire. Most Malinke are Sunni Muslims, although there are sizable Christian and animist minorities.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, The Peoples of Africa. London: Greenwood Press (1996), pp. 366-367.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0127","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Malinke-Bambara","PCdesc":"The Bambara, also known as Bamanakan, are a large Manding-speaking ethnic group found throughout Mali, the northern areas of Ivory Coast and parts of Guinea-Bissau. They are the largest ethnic group in Mali. The Malinke-Bambara people cluster encompasses the Bambara and several related subgroups speaking Bamanankan or a related Manding language.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, The Peoples of Africa. London: Greenwood Press (1996), pp. 63-64","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0128","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Malinke-Jula","PCdesc":"The Julas, also known as the Dyula, Diula, Joola, or Juula, are one of the Manding-speaking ethnic groups of West Africa.  The Jula are a collection of peoples who today live in the northeastern and northern sections of Ivory Coast, in southwestern Burkina Faso, and across the border in Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, and Mali. Almost all Julas are Sunni Muslims. The Malinke-Jula people cluster includes several related people groups.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, The Peoples of Africa. London: Greenwood Press (1996), pp. 257-258.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0134","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Mande","PCdesc":"Mande refers to a large linguistic group in West Africa, also known as the Manding. The Manding languages are part of the larger Niger-Congo language family. Ethno-linguists divide the Mande into two large clusters, the Mande-tan and Mande-fu. The Mande-tan peoples are represented by the Malinke, Malinke-Bambara, and Malinke-Jula people cluster. The Mande-fu peoples are represented by the Mande people cluster. Major people groups included within this cluster are the Mende, Dan, Kpelle, Loko, Kono and Loma peoples. Ethno-religions are widely practiced among these people groups.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, The Peoples of Africa. London: Greenwood Press (1996), pp. 366.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0153","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Nilotic","PCdesc":"The Nilotic people cluster encompasses a number of people groups inhabiting the Nile Valley and speaking one or more Nilotic languages. The term 'Nilotic' derives from the Nile Valley. The Ethnologue classifies more than sixty languages as Nilotic, distinguishing these languages and their speakers from the mainly Bantu speaking peoples who are their ethnic neighbors.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0156","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Nuba Mountains","PCdesc":"The Nuba Mountains, in the South Kordofan province of Sudan, are home to a group of indigenous ethnic people groups known collectively as the Nuba peoples. The climate is semi-arid, but lush and green compared with most nearby areas. There are almost no roads; villages are connected by footpaths. The peoples live in family compounds and make their living through farming and herding. Sunni Islam dominates most of the region, though a few groups follow Christian or animistic beliefs.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0157","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Nubian","PCdesc":"The Nubians are an ethnic group originating in the Nile region that today forms northern Sudan and southern Egypt. Famous for their horsemanship and their skill and precision with the bow, many Nubians were hired by Hannibal during the Punic Wars to fight against the Romans. Arabization accounts for the prevalence of Sunni Islam and is influencing some of these peoples to take up Arab languages in place of their original Nubian languages.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0158","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Nupe","PCdesc":"The Nupe are a riverine ethnic group living along the Niger and Kaduna rivers in west-central Nigeria. The Nupe people cluster encompasses the Nupe along with several linguistically related peoples classified within Ethnologue as Nupe-Gbagyi. Many Nupe were converted to Islam at the end of the 18th century, but Christianity is practiced among the Gbagyi and ethnic religions are practiced by several of the smaller people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0173","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Other Sub-Saharan African","PCdesc":"The Other Sub-Saharan African people cluster encompasses Sub-Saharan Africans who are not classified within the Adamawa-Ubangi, Atlantic, Bantu, Benue, Chadic, Fulani / Fulbe, Guera-Naba, Guinean, Gur, Hausa, Igbo, Ijaw, Kanuri-Saharan, Khoisan, Kru, Malinke, Mande, Nilotic, Nuba Mountains, Nubian, Nupe, Ouaddai-Fur, Pygmy, Sara-Bagirmi, Songhai, Soninke, Sudanic, Susu, or Yoruba people clusters that account for most Sub-Saharan African peoples.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0175","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Ouaddai-Fur","PCdesc":"The Ouaddai Empire was originally a non-Muslim kingdom that ruled present-day Chad from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. From the middle of the eighteenth century it came under Islamic influence. Today, a number of Sunni Muslim subgroups of the Ouaddai inhabit the Wadai Province of Chad. During the same era, the Fur Empire ruled western Sudan, primarily the Darfur region, before falling to the Anglo-Egyptians in the late nineteenth century.  The Ouaddai-Fur people cluster encompasses people groups whose roots trace to these two empires.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0184","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Pygmy","PCdesc":"Pygmy is a term used to describe ethnic groups whose average height is unusually short. Anthropologists define pygmy as any group whose adult men are less than 59 inches in average height. The term 'pygmy' is sometimes considered derogatory and most peoples classified within the Pygmy people cluster prefer to be referred to by their ethnic name. Most of these people groups are under 50,000 in population. Christianity and ethnic religions are widely practiced among these people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0189","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Sara-Bagirmi","PCdesc":"The Sara are an ethnic group in Central Africa, predominantly residing in Chad. They are descendants of the Sao people, the largest group in Chad. The Bagirmi are an ethnic group living on the southern fringe of the Sahara in Chad and Nigeria. Together, these two ethnic groups and related subgroups form the Sara-Bagirmi family of Central Sudanic languages. The Ethnologue classifies 19 languages as Sara and 8 languages as Bagirmi. Sara and related peoples are likely to follow Christianity; Bagirmi and related peoples tend to follow Islam.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0199","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Songhai","PCdesc":"The Songhai are west Africans who speak one of eight Songhai languages. The Songhai Empire dominated the western Sahel in the 15th and 16th centuries. The Sahel is a geographic zone of transition between the Sahara desert in the North and the Sudanian Savannas in the South. The Sahel stretches across the entire African continent. The Western Sahel crosses portions of Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, and Togo. Sunni Islam is the primary religion among these Songhai people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0200","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Soninke","PCdesc":"The Soninke are a Mande people who descended from the Bafour of Mauritania and are closely related to the Imraguen of Mauritania. Ethnologue classifies five Mande languages as Soninke-Boso. The people groups that speak these five languages comprise the Soninke people cluster.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0248","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Sub-Saharan African, generic","PCdesc":"The Sub-Saharan African, generic people cluster encompasses Sub-Saharan Africans in the diaspora whose identity in their host country is less tied to distinguishing tribal or ethno-linguistic identity than to a shared national identity.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0203","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Sudanic","PCdesc":"The Sudan refers to a geographic region to the south of the Sahara, that stretches across the whole of Africa. The name derives from an Arabic term meaning \"land of the Blacks\". Within the Sudan reside a variety of ethnolinguistic peoples. Central Sudanic is a family of Nilo-Saharan languages spoken in the Central African Republic, Chad, South Sudan, Sudan, Uganda, Congo (DRC), and Cameroon. Ethnologue classifies 65 languages as Central Sudanic. The Sudanic people cluster encompasses most of the people groups of the Sudan that speak a Central Sudanic language. Roman Catholicism is widely practiced among these people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0205","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Susu","PCdesc":"The Susu are a major Mande ethnic group living primarily in Guinea. Smaller communities are located in the neighboring countries of Sierra Leone, Senegal, and Guinea-Bissau. The Susu live in farming villages along the marshy coastal plain. They converted to Islam in the 17th century. Today, the Susu are overwhelmingly Sunni Muslims of the Maliki school, although their religion retains a number of pre-Islamic indigenous practices.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, The Peoples of Africa. London: Greenwood Press (1996), pp. 533-534.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0233","ROP1":"A013","AffBloc":"Sub-Saharan African Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A013","PplClstr":"Yoruba","PCdesc":"The Yoruba are a large ethnolinguistic group numbering more than twenty million people in Sierra Leone, Ghana, Benin, Togo, Niger, and Nigeria. The largest concentration is in Nigeria, where the Yoruba constitute the entire populations of the states of Ogun, Ondo, and Oyo. Numerous sub-groups of Yoruba are classified as distinct people groups within the Registry of Peoples. The Yoruba are believed to be a Sudanic people who migrated west and conquered the indigenous groups of Nigeria's forested southwestern coast.  The Yoruba religion is  a mixture of traditional religious practices that are thriving in West Africa today.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, The Peoples of Africa. London: Greenwood Press (1996), pp. 606-607.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0009","ROP1":"A015","AffBloc":"Turkic Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A015","PplClstr":"Altaic","PCdesc":"Altaic is a large language family that includes dozens of languages spoken by some 350 million people across central and northeast Asia. The Altaic people cluster encompasses only a tiny subset of widely scattered Altaic peoples, those most often described as Ewenki or Tungus. While their roots trace to Siberia, today they are primarily found in China, with only remnant communities in Russia. They typically practice traditional ethnic religions.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0028","ROP1":"A015","AffBloc":"Turkic Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A015","PplClstr":"Azerbaijani","PCdesc":"The Azerbaijani are a Turkic people living mainly in northwestern Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan. The two major linguistic varieties of Azerbaijani, Northern and Southern, account for some 26 million people, but several smaller ethno-linguistic communities are included within the Azerbaijani people cluster, including: Kashkay, Khalaj, and Salchuq.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0108","ROP1":"A015","AffBloc":"Turkic Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A015","PplClstr":"Kazakh","PCdesc":"The Kazakhs are a Central Asian, Turkic-speaking people whose vast homeland, Kazakhstan, is located between the Caspian Sea, the Urals, and the Tien Shan Mountains in northwestern China. Islam was introduced to the ancestors of modern Kazakhs during the 8th century when Arabs first entered Central Asia, and Sunni Islam predominates today. Warfare between various tribes characterized much of their history but sometime around the beginning of the 16th century a unified Kazakh (Qazaq) identity emerged. While the influence of tribalism continues to fade, it is still common for Kazakhs to identify themselves to other Kazakhs by their native tribe.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (1994), pp. 354-367.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0110","ROP1":"A015","AffBloc":"Turkic Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A015","PplClstr":"Kyrgyz","PCdesc":"The Kyrgyz are a Central Asian, Turkic-speaking people whose homeland, the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, is located at the western end of the Tien Shan Mountain Range of northwestern China. Kyrgyzstan is bordered in the north by Kazakhstan and on the south by Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Etymology of the word \"Kyrgyz\" suggests they descended from forty tribes. As with other Central Asian peoples, Sunni Islam is the majority religion.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (1994), pp. 416-423.","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0221","ROP1":"A015","AffBloc":"Turkic Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A015","PplClstr":"Turkic","PCdesc":"Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups mainly inhabiting West, Central, East, and North Asia and speaking one or more of the Turkic languages, a family of more than 35 documented languages spoken in Europe and Asia. A majority of the Turkic peoples are Sunni Muslims.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0222","ROP1":"A015","AffBloc":"Turkic Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A015","PplClstr":"Turkmen","PCdesc":"The Turkmen are a Turkic people predominantly found in Turkmenistan, Iran, and Afghanistan, with smaller communities scattered throughout Central Asia. They speak the Turkmen language. A nomadic people, the Turkmen are skilled in horsemanship and carpet weaving. Major Turkmen tribes include the Teke, Yomut, Arsary, Chowdur and Saryk.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0223","ROP1":"A015","AffBloc":"Turkic Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A015","PplClstr":"Ural-Siberian","PCdesc":"The Ural-Siberian people cluster might just as easily be designated 'Other Turkic' given the scope of ethnic and linguistic diversity. From the Urals, ethnic Russians who live along the lower Amu Darya and lower Syr Darya rivers, to the various indigenous peoples of Siberia, this people cluster encompasses Turkic peoples of North Asia not classified within the Altaic, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Turkish, Turkmen, Uyghur, and Uzbek clusters that account for most Turkic peoples.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0225","ROP1":"A015","AffBloc":"Turkic Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A015","PplClstr":"Uyghur","PCdesc":"The Uyghurs are a Turkic people who today are concentrated in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Other Uyghurs live in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. Isolated subgroups of Tibetan Buddhist Uyghur still remain in China, but the vast majority of Uyghur are Sunni Muslims of the Hanafi school.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (1994), pp. 668-671).","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0226","ROP1":"A015","AffBloc":"Turkic Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A015","PplClstr":"Uzbek","PCdesc":"The Uzbeks are the largest ethnic group in Uzbekistan, and they make up the largest Muslim community within the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), a regional organization of former Soviet Republics. Ethnologue identifies two Uzbek languages. Northern Uzbek is  spoken in Uzbekistan; Southern Uzbek is spoken in Afghanistan. In terms of religion, the great majority of Uzbeks are Sunni Muslims.","PCcite":"James S. Olson, An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press (1994), pp. 706-717).","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0252","ROP1":"A017","AffBloc":"Deaf Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A017","PplClstr":"Deaf","PCdesc":"The Deaf Peoples affinity bloc encompasses those peoples typically classified as culturally Deaf -- those who are deaf from birth or became so early in life.\r\nEstimates of the number of culturally Deaf people in the world range from 18 to 36 million. While they are ethnically diverse, they share a common linguistic bond. Sign language is at the core of their lives. Apart from sign language, they remain isolated from others among whom they live. Much of the cultural identity shared by the Deaf arises from their shared experience of discrimination. Regardless of ethnic background, cultural and linguistic factors serve to unite the global Deaf as a unique people cluster.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0052","ROP1":"A018","AffBloc":"Tibetan Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A018","PplClstr":"Bhutanese","PCdesc":"The Kingdom of Bhutan is a small, landlocked nation in South Asia, at the eastern end of the Himalayas bordered on three sides India and to the north by China. Estimated population for Bhutan is just over 700,000. A majority of the Bhutanese people self-identify as Ngalops (Western Bhutanese) or Sharchops (Eastern Bhutanese). Ngalops are mainly of Tibetan origins; Sharchops are of mixed Southeast Asian and South Asian origins. Though linguistically diverse, the people groups within the Bhutanese people cluster uniformly follow Lamaism, more popularly known as Tibetan Buddhism.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0155","ROP1":"A018","AffBloc":"Tibetan Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A018","PplClstr":"Nosu","PCdesc":"The Nosu are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group of China. Though classified by the Chinese government as a subgroup of the Yi, their languages are not typically intelligible with other Yi languages and the Nosu identify themselves as a separate people from other Yi subgroups. Most Nosu live in the mountains of northern Yunnan and southwest Sichuan where they labor as farmers and practice ethnic religions.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0229","ROP1":"A018","AffBloc":"Tibetan Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A018","PplClstr":"Other Tibeto-Burmese","PCdesc":"The Other Tibeto-Burmese people cluster encompasses Tibetan Peoples who are not classified within the Adi, Bhutanese, Burmese, Garo-Tripuri, Hani, Karen, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Lisu, Miri-Kachin, Mizo-Lushai, Nosu, South Himalaya, or Tibetan people clusters that account for most Tibetan Peoples.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0216","ROP1":"A018","AffBloc":"Tibetan Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A018","PplClstr":"Tibetan","PCdesc":"Of the 90 million individuals who belong to the Tibetan family of peoples, most live as minorities in countries where they have no political power. Only in Bhutan and Myanmar do Tibetan peoples constitute a majority. Nevertheless, Tibetans and their Buddhist religion have a high profile worldwide.","PCcite":"Patrick Johnstone, The Future of the Global Church, p. 219","PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0004","ROP1":"A019","AffBloc":"Himalayan Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A019","PplClstr":"Adi","PCdesc":"The Adi are one of the largest tribal groups in India, primarily inhabiting the northeastern Indian state of  Arunachal Pradesh. The term \"Adi\" means \"hill men\" and the cluster encompasses a number of groups that are categorized as \"hill tribes.\"","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0078","ROP1":"A019","AffBloc":"Himalayan Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A019","PplClstr":"Garo-Tripuri","PCdesc":"Bodo and Garo are the two largest people groups within the Garo-Tripuri people cluster that also encompasses the Tripuri (Kok Borok) and Chakma. These groups are scattered across eastern India and across the border into Bangladesh.  While Hinduism, Buddhism and ethnic religions are widely practiced, there are sizeable Christian communities among most of these people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0089","ROP1":"A019","AffBloc":"Himalayan Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A019","PplClstr":"Hani-Akha","PCdesc":"The Hani-Akha people cluster encompasses the Hani of China and the Akha of Myanmar along with a number of related groups or sub-groups of these two groups that share an ethnic and linguistic affinity. There has been some response among both the Hani of China and the Akha of Myanmar, but most of these peoples remain unevangelized and continue to practice animistic folk religion.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0347","ROP1":"A019","AffBloc":"Himalayan Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A019","PplClstr":"Manipuri","PCdesc":"Manipur is a landlocked state in northeast India, a region characterized by its unique blend of ecological and cultural diversity. The Manipuri people cluster encompasses the Meitei, the largest ethic group in the state along with other ethnic groups native to the region that are not classified separately as Kuki Chin or Mizo.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0142","ROP1":"A019","AffBloc":"Himalayan Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A019","PplClstr":"Miri-Kachin","PCdesc":"Miri and Kachin are two groups of related Tibeto-Burman peoples. The Miri are a people of northern India inhabiting portions of Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh states. Kachin is the northernmost state of Myanmar, sharing a border with Arunachal Pradesh. Though ethnically and linguistically related, the Miri-Kachin people cluster is a religiously diverse group with Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, and ethnic religions all in practice among the various people groups.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null},{"ROP2":"C0188","ROP1":"A019","AffBloc":"Himalayan Peoples","AffBlocDetailApi":"https://api.imb.org/main/PeopleGroups/AffinityBlocDetail?id=A019","PplClstr":"South Himalayan","PCdesc":"The Himalayan mountain system is the world's highest range and provides a formidable land barrier between China and South Asia. The South Himalaya people cluster encompasses a variety of Tibeto-Burmese people groups that are diverse in ethnicity, language and religion. The unifying characteristic shared by these peoples is their physical location on the southern slopes of the Himalayas in Nepal, Bhutan, and India.","PCcite":null,"PeopleGroupsRop":null,"Countries":null,"Stats":null}]